Erich Fromm

Trained in psychoanalysis in Germany, fled Germany in 1934, and spent the rest of his career arguing that the individual neuroses Freud described were mostly symptoms of the society producing them.

Escape from Freedom asks why people hand their liberty to authoritarian movements, and answers that freedom is frightening and submission relieves the anxiety. The Art of Loving treats love as a skill requiring discipline and practice, not a feeling that arrives, and objects to a culture that treats partners as commodities to be evaluated.

He was a democratic socialist, a co-founder of the Frankfurt School circle, and unfashionable in professional psychology for decades.