Andrew S. Grove

András Gróf was born in Budapest in 1936, lived under a false name while Hungary was under German occupation, and crossed into Austria at twenty after the 1956 uprising. He reached New York the next year with almost no English, took a chemical engineering degree at City College and a doctorate at Berkeley, then joined Fairchild Semiconductor. In 1968 he became Intel's third employee, and he ran the company as president from 1979, as chief executive from 1987 to 1998 and as chairman until 2005, steering it out of memory chips and into microprocessors. High Output Management, 1983, is the book that came from that job. It treats a manager's work as production, measures a manager's output as the output of the whole organisation, and argues for meetings, reviews and training as deliberate instruments rather than overhead. He also wrote Only the Paranoid Survive in 1996 and a memoir, Swimming Across. Time named him its Man of the Year in 1997. He lived with Parkinson's disease from 2000 and died in 2016 at 79.