Political Philosophy PDF EPUB Audio

Mutual Aid

First published: 1902
Pages: 260

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Introduction
23:47
Mutual aid among animals
58:20
Mutual aid among animals (continued) Chapter 2, Part 1
41:01
Mutual aid among animals (continued) Chapter 2, Part 2
40:13
Mutual aid among savages Chapter 3, Part 1
37:01
Mutual aid among savages Chapter 3, Part 2
37:49
Mutual aid among the barbarians
67:48
Mutual aid in the mediaeval city
62:13
Mutual aid in the mediaeval city (continued)
63:12
Mutual aid amongst ourselves
69:53
Mutual aid amongst ourselves (continued)
54:15
Conclusion
12:44

Mutual Aid (1902) is a public domain work.

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About this book

Written as a direct answer to the 'nature red in tooth and claw' reading of Darwin, this collection of essays argues that cooperation, not only competition, drives evolution. Drawing on his years watching wildlife in Siberia and on wide historical reading, Kropotkin traces mutual aid through the animal kingdom, tribal societies, medieval guilds and free towns, and the everyday solidarity of ordinary working people. He contends that species and communities which support one another are the ones that tend to survive and flourish. Part natural history and part political argument, the book became a cornerstone of anarchist thought and still informs debates in biology and ethics. Free PDF and EPUB editions are available here.