Author: Johann Chapoutot

Johann Chapoutot is a French historian who teaches contemporary history at the Sorbonne and studies National Socialist ideology, law, and political culture. Free to Obey examines Reinhard Höhn, an SS legal theorist who later founded a management school that trained hundreds of thousands of postwar German executives. Chapoutot argues that Höhn's model joined strict objectives from above with apparent freedom over methods below, allowing hierarchy to present itself as autonomy. Steven Rendall translated the book from the French Libres d'obéir, and Europa Editions published the English edition in 2023 with a subtitle linking the Third Reich to modern management. The study does not reduce modern business practice to a single origin. Instead, it follows one influential career across the rupture of 1945 and asks how administrative ideas can survive political defeat by changing vocabulary and institutional setting. Chapoutot's other books, including The Law of Blood and Greeks, Romans, Germans, likewise trace how scholarship, culture, and professional expertise were mobilized within National Socialism in law and education.