Roumania Past and Present

Britain's unfamiliarity with Romania gives James Samuelson his starting point for a study of the country's landscape, institutions and history. Writing in 1882 after a visit, he begins with the new kingdom's circumstances before turning to its past. Navigation on the Danube and the transfer of land to peasant owners receive particular attention, with the latter prompting comparisons with Ireland. His account combines travel observation with arguments about trade, government and national independence.

The historical section reaches back to Roman Dacia and follows later struggles for power. In the account of Michael's campaigns, the Danube becomes a contested frontier, while alliances with neighbouring rulers bring obligations as well as military help. Readers interested in European history can examine how a British observer connected Romania's position between larger powers with its internal reforms. Samuelson's stated political preferences also make his perspective part of the book's interest.