Women Wage-Earners

Women Wage-Earners: Their Past, Their Present, and Their Future is by Helen Campbell, with an introduction by Richard T. Ely. The contents list, among others, chapters titled A Look Backward, Employments for Women During the Colonial Period, and the Development of the Factory, and Early Aspects of Factory Labor for Women.

A numbered list in the text includes the meagreness or liberality of diet, the general intelligence of the laborer, and technical education and industrial environment. The text says we must accept the fact that the value of the laborer's services to the employer is the net result of two elements, one positive, one negative, namely work and waste. Madame Vincent, an ardent champion of women wage-earners, is said to have presented statistics, chiefly from private sources, showing that out of 19,352,000 artisans in France, there are 4,415,000 women. The text states that in Paris alone, over 8,000 women are doing business on an independent footing.