Dez. Símbolos

A base sobre a qual esse movimento se desenvolveu é a cultura da mulher, mais um conceito que merece definição.

Cultura da mulher é a base que sustenta a resistência das mulheres à dominação patriarcal e a afirmação de sua própria criatividade ao moldar a sociedade. A expressão sugere uma afirmação de igualdade e uma consciência de irmandade. A cultura da mulher traduz-se com frequência na redefinição de objetivos e estratégias de movimentos de massa em termos que as mulheres considerem adequados. Nos Estados Unidos do século XIX, a cultura da mulher resultou em uma definição autoconsciente da superioridade moral das mulheres como uma justificativa para sua emancipação.

A expressão também é usada no sentido antropológico para englobar as conexões de família e amizade das mulheres, seus laços afetivos, seus rituais. É importante entender que a cultura da mulher nunca é uma subcultura. Seria até inapropriado definir a cultura de metade da humanidade como subcultura. As mulheres vivem sua existência social dentro da cultura geral. Sempre que são limitadas por obstáculos do patriarcado ou segregação em grupos (o que sempre tem como objetivo a subordinação), transformam esse obstáculo em complementaridade e o redefinem. Assim, mulheres vivem uma dualidade – como integrantes da cultura geral e participantes da cultura da mulher.

Quando as condições históricas são adequadas, e as mulheres têm tanto o espaço social quanto a experiência social para embasar seu novo entendimento, a consciência feminista se desenvolve.

Historicamente, isso ocorre em estágios distintos: (1) a consciência da injustiça; (2) o desenvolvimento da noção de irmandade; (3) a definição autônoma pelas mulheres de suas metas e estratégias para mudar a própria condição; e (4) o desenvolvimento de uma visão alternativa do futuro.

O reconhecimento de uma injustiça se torna político quando as mulheres percebem que essa injustiça é compartilhada com outras.

Para remediar essa injustiça coletiva, as mulheres se organizam na vida política, econômica e social. Os movimentos que organizam inevitavelmente encontram resistência, o que as força a contar com os próprios recursos e força. No processo, desenvolvem um senso de irmandade. Esse processo também resulta em novas formas de cultura da mulher, impostas às mulheres pela resistência que elas encontram, tais como instituições ou modelos de vida segregados

por sexo ou separatistas. Com base em tais experiências, as mulheres começam a definir as próprias demandas e a desenvolver teorias. Em determinado nível, saem da androcentricidade na qual foram educadas e passam a colocar as mulheres no centro. Na área acadêmica, os Estudos das Mulheres buscam encontrar uma nova estrutura de interpretação interior à cultura histórica das mulheres, resultando em sua emancipação.

É apenas por meio da descoberta e do reconhecimento de suas raízes, seu passado, sua história, que as mulheres, assim como outros grupos, tornam-se capazes de projetar um futuro alternativo.

A nova visão das mulheres exige que elas sejam colocadas no centro, não apenas de eventos, onde sempre estivemos, mas do trabalho universal de reflexão. As mulheres estão exigindo, como fizeram os homens durante o Renascimento, o direito de definir, o direito de decidir.

 

BIBLIOGRAFIA

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Deimel, P. Anton. Sumerische Tempelwirtschaft zur Zeit Urukaginas und seiner Vorgänger. Roma: Pontificion Instituto Biblico, 1931.

Diakonoff, I. M. (org.). Ancient Mesopotamia: Socio-economic History, A Col ection of Studies by Soviet Scholars. Moscou: Nauka Publishing House, 1969.

Driver, G. R. Canaanite Myths and Legends. Edimburgo: T & T Clark, 1956.

Frankfort, Henri et. al. Before Philosophy. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1963.

Frankfort, Henri; John A. Wilson; Thorkild Jacobsen e Wil iam A. Irwin. The Intel ectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946.

Gadd, C. K. Teachers and Students in the Oldest Schools. Londres, 1956.

Glubok, Shirley (org.). Discovering the Royal Tombs at Ur. Londres: Macmil an, 1969.

Hal o, Wil iam W. e J. J. A. van Dijk. The Exaltation of Inanna. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.

Harris, Rivkah. Ancient Sippar: A Demographic Study of an Old Babylonian City (1894-1595 B.C.). Istambul: Historisch-Archeologisch Instituut, 1975.

Hawkes, Jacquetta e Sir Leonard Wool ey. History of Manking. Vol. I , Prehistory and the Beginnings of Civilization. Nova York: Harper & Row, 1963.

Jacobsen, Thorkild. The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.

_____. Toward the Image of Tammuz and Other Essays on Mesopotamian History and Culture. Ed. Wil iam L. Moran. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970.

James, Edwin O. The Cult of the Mother-Goddess: An Archaeological and Documentary Study. Londres: Thames & Hudson, 1959.

_____. Myth and Ritual in the Ancient Near East. Londres: Thames & Hudson, 1958.

Jastrow, Morris. The Civilization of Babylon and Assyria. Filadélfia: Lippincott, 1915.

Jayne, Walter A., M.D. The Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1925.

Jeremias, Alfred. Handbuch der altorientalischen Geisteskultur. Berlim: De Gruyter, 1929.

Koschaker, Paul. Quel enkritische Untersuchungen zu den altassyrischen Gesetzen. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich, 1921.

_____. Rechtsvergleichende Studien zur Gesetzgebung Hammurapis, Königs von Babylon. Leipzig: Veit & Co., 1917.

Kraeling, Carl H. e Robert McC. Adams. City Invisible: A Symposium on Urbanization and Cultural Development in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.

Kramer, Samuel Noah. From the Tablets of Sumer. Indian Hil s, CO: Falcon Wing Press, 1956.

_____. History Begins at Sumer. 3ª ed. rev. Filadélfia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

_____. The Sacred Marriage Rite: Aspects of Faith, Myth and Ritual in Ancient Sumer. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1969.

_____. Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Mil ennium B.C. Ed. rev. Nova York: Harper & Bros., 1961.

_____. The Sumerians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.

Langdon, Stephen. Sumerian Epic of Paradise, the Flood and the Fal of Man.

Filadélfia: University Museum, 1915.

Lansing, Elizabeth. The Sumerians: Inventors & Builders. Londres: Cassel , 1974.

Lesko, Barbara S. The Remarkable Women of Egypt. Berkeley: B. C. Scribe Publications, 1978.

MacQueen, James G. Babylon. Londres: Robert Hale Ltd., 1964.

Matthiae, Paolo. Ebla: An Empire Rediscovered. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981.

Meissner, Bruno. Babylonien & Assyrien. 2 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1920.

Mel aart, James. Çatal Hüyük: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia. Nova York: McGraw-Hil , 1967.

_____. Earliest Civilization of the Near East. Nova York: McGraw-Hil , 1965.

Messerschmidt, Leopold. Die Hettiter. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich, 1902.

Ministry of Information, Government of Iran. Persepolis, Pasargadae, and Naghsh-e-Rustam. Teerã: Offset Press, 1966.

Moorey, P. R. S. Ur of the Chaldees: A revised and Updated Version of Sir Leonard Wooley’s Excavations at Ur. Ithaca, NY: Cornel University Press, 1982.

Murray, Margaret Alice. The Genesis of Religion. Londres: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963.

Oppenheim, A. Leo. Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.

Redman, Charles. The Rise of Civilization: From Early Farmers to Urban Society in the Ancient Near East. São Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1978.

Saggs, H. W. F. The Greatness That Was Babylon. Londres: Sidgewick and Jackson, 1962.

Schmandt-Besserat, Denise (org.). The Legacy of Sumer: Invited Lectures on the Middle East at the University of Texas at Austin. Malibu, CA: Undena Publications, 1976.

Schmandt-Besserat, Denise e S. M. Alexander. The First Civilization: The Legacy of Sumer. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1975.

Schreier, Josephine. Göttinnen: Ihr Eifluss von der Urzeit bis zur Gegenwart.

Munique: C. Verlag Frauenoffensive, 1977.

Service, Elman. Origins of the State and Civilization: The Process of Cultural Evolution. Nova York: W. W. Norton, 1975.

Todd, Ian, Çatal Hüyük in Perspective. Menlo Park: Cummings Publishing Co., 1976.

Wekskopf, Elizabeth. Die Produktionsverhältnisse im alten Orient und in der grieschischrömischen Antike. Berlim: Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1957.

Widengren, G. The King and the Tree of Life in Ancient Near Eastern Religion.

Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift, nº 4, 1951.

Winckler, Hugo. Himmels-und Weltenbild der Babylonier. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich, 1901.

Wool ey, C. Leonard. The Sumerians. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928.

Wool ey, Sir Charles Leonard. Excavations at Ur: A Record of Twelve Years’ Work.

Londres: Ernest Benn Ltd., 1954.

Artigos

Albenda, Pauline. “Western Asiatic Women in the Stone Age: Their Image Revealed”. Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 46, nº 2 (Primavera de 1983), pp. 82-8.

Barstow, Anne. “The Uses of Archeology for Women’s History: James Mel aart’s Work on the Neolithic Goddess at Çatal Hüyük”. Feminist Studies, vol. 4, nº 3

(Outubro de 1978), pp. 7-18.

Bottero, Jean. “La Femme dans la Mesopotamie ancienne”. cap. 1, em Historie mondiale de la femme, Ed. Pierre Grimal. Paris: Nouvel e Librarie de France, 1965.

Carneiro, Robert. “A Theory of the Origino f the State”. Science, vol. 169, nº 3947

(Agosto de 1970), pp. 733-35.

Cassin, Elena. “Pouvoirs de la femme et strictires familiales”. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale, vol. 63, nº 2 (1969), pp. 121-48. Diakonoff, Igor M. “Socio-economic Classes in Babylonia and the Babylonian Concept of Social Stratification”. Em Dietz, Otto Edzard, Gesel schaftsklassen im alten Zweistromland und in den angrenzenden Gebieten – XVIII Recontre Assyriologique Internationale, Munique, 29 de junho a 3 de julho de 1970.

Munique, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, Heft 75, 1972.

Diamond, A. S. “An Eye for na Eye”. Iraq, vol. 19, pt. 2 (Outono de 1957), pp. 151-55.

Dougherty, Raymond Philip. “The Shirkuru of Babylonian Deities”. Yale Oriental Series, vol. 5, pt. 2. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1923.

Durand, Jean-Marie. “Trois Etudes sur Mari”. Mari: Annales de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, vol. 3 (1904), pp. 127-72.

Ebeling, Erich. “Quel en zur Kenntnis der babylonischen Religion”. Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesel schaft (E. V.), 1918, I, 23 Jahrgang. Leipzig: J. C.

Hinrichs, 1918, pp. 1-70.

Finkelstein, J. J. “Sex Offenses in Babylonian Laws”. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 86 (1966), pp. 355-72.

_____. “Subartu and Subarians in Old Babylonian Sources”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 9 (1955), pp. 1-7.

Fried, Morton. “On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State”. Em Stanley Diamond (ed.). Culture and History. Nova York: Columbia University Press, 1960.

Gadd, C. J. “Some Contributions to the Gilgamesh Epic”. Iraq, vol. 28, pt. 2

(Outono de 1966), pp. 105-21.

Gordon, Cyrus H. “The Status of Women Reflected in the Nuzi Tablets”. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, Neue Folge, Band IX (1936), pp. 147-69.

Greengus, Samuel. “The Old Babylonian Marriage Contract”. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 89 (1969), pp. 505-32.

Grosz, K. “Dowry and Bride Price in Nuzi”. Em Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Org. David I. Owen e Martha A. Morrison.

Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1981, pp. 161-82.

Harris, Rivkah. “Biographical Notes on the Naditu Women of Sippur”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 16 (1962), pp. 1-12.

Jacobsen, Thorkild. “Primitive Democracy in Ancient Mesopotamia”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 2, nº 3 (Julho de 1943).

Justus, Carol F. “Indo-Europeanization of Myth and Syntax in Anatolian Hittite: Dating of Texts As an Index”. Journal of Indo-European Studies, vol. 2 (1983), pp.

59-103.

Koschaker, Paul. “Fratriarchat, Hausgemeinschaft und Mutterrecht in Keilschriftrechten”. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, Neue Folge, Band 7 (Band 41), Berlim e Leipzig (1939), pp. 1-89.

Kramer, Samuel Noah. “The Weeping Goddess: Sumerian Prototypes of the Mater Dolorosa”. Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 46, nº 2 (Primavera de 1983), pp. 60-80.

Kraus, F. R. “Le Role des temples depuis la troisième dynastie d’Ur jusqu’a la premiere Dynastie de Babylone”. Cahiers d’Histoire Mondiale, vol. 1, nº 3 (Janeiro de 1954), pp. 518-45.

La Fay, Howard. “Ebla: Splendor of an Unknown Empire”. National Geographic, vol. 154, nº 6 (Dezembro de 1978).

Lambert, W. G. “Morals in Ancient Mesopotamia”. Vooraziatisch Egypt Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux” Jaarbericht, nº 15 (1957-58), pp. 184-96.

Leacock, Eleanor. “Women in Egalitarian Societies”. Em Renate Bridenthal e Claudia Koonz. Becoming Visible, pp. 11-35.

Maekawa, Kunio. “The Development of the E-MI in Lagash during the Early Dynastic III”. Mesopotamia, vols. 8-9 (1973-1974), pp. 77-144.

Meissner, Bruno. “Aus dem altbabylonischen Recht”. Der alte Orient, Jahrgang 7, Heft 1. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich, 1905, pp. 3-32.

Mil ard, Alan R. “In Praise of Ancient Scribes”. Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 45, nº 3

(Verão de 1982).

Morrison, Martha A. “The Family of Silva Tesub marsarr”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 31, nº 1 (Janeiro de 1979), pp. 3-29.

Oppenheim, A. Leo. “The Golden Garments of the Gods”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 8 (1949).

_____. “A Note on the Scribes of Mesopotamia”. Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger on His 75th Birthday, April 25, 1965. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.

_____. “‘Siege-Documents’ from Nippur”. Iraq, vol. 17 (1955), pp. 69-89.

Perlman, Alice e Pol y Perlman. “Women’s Power in the Ancient World”. Women’s Caucus, Religious Studies, vol. 3 (Verão de 1975), pp. 4-6.

Postgate, J. N. “On Some Assyrian Ladies”. Iraq, vol. 41 (1979), pp. 89-103.

Rapp, Rayna. “Women, Religion and Archaic Civilizations”. Feminist Studies, vol.

4, nº 3 (Outubro de 1978), pp. 1-6.

Renger, Johannes. “Untersuchungen zum Priestertum in der altbabylonischen Zeit”. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archeologie, Neue Folge, Band 24. Berlim: De Gruyter, 1967, 1. Teil, pp. 110-88.

Rohrlich, Ruby. “State Formation in Sumer and the Subjugation of Women”.

Feminist Studies, vol. 6, nº 1 (Primavera de 1980), pp. 76-102.

Rohrlich-Leavitt, Ruby. “Women in Transition: Crete and Sumer”, em Bridenthal e Koonz, Becoming Visible, pp. 36-59.

Rowton, M. B. “Urban Autonomy in a Nomadic Environment”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 32 (1973), pp. 201-15.

Saporetti, Claudio. “The Status of Women in the Middle Assyrian Period”. Em Monographs on the Ancient Near East, vol. 2, nº 1. Malibu, CA: Undena Publ., 1979.

Sasson, Jack M. “Biographical Notices on Some Royal Ladies from Mari”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 25, nº 2 (Janeiro de 1973), pp. 59-104.

_____. “Thoughts of Zimri-Lim”. Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 47, nº 2 (Junho de 1984), pp. 111-20.

Schmandt-Besserat, Denise. “Decipherment of the Earliest Tablets”. Science, vol.

211 (16 de janeiro de 1981), pp. 283-85.

_____. “The Envelopes That Bear the First Writing”. Technology and Culture, vol.

21, nº 3 (1980), pp. 357-85.

Seibert, Ilse. “Hirt-Herde-König”. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Schriften der Sektion für Altertumswissenschaft, nº 53. Berlim: Akademie Verlag, 1969.

Wright, Henry T. e Gregory A. Johnson. “Population, Exchange, and Early State Formation in Southwestern Iran”. American Anthropologist, vol. 77, nº 2

(Primavera de 1975), pp. 267-89.

Yoffee, Norman. “The Economic Role of the Crown in the Old Babylonian Period”.

Bibliotheca Mesopotamia. Ed. G. Bucel ati, vol. 5. Malibu, CA: Undena Publ., 1977.

III. ESCRAVIDÃO

Livros

Bakir, Abd el-Mohsen. Slavery in Pharaonic Egypt. Cairo, 1952.

Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823.

Ithaca, NY: Cornel University Press, 1975.

_____. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornel University Press, 1966.

Degler, Carl. Neither Black nor White. Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States. Nova York: Macmil an, 1971.

Finley, Moses I. Aspects of Antiquity. Londres: Chatto & Windus, 1968.

_____. Slavery in Classical Antiquity. Views and Controversies. Cambridge: Heffer

& Sons, 1960.

Genovese, Eugene D. Rol , Jordan, Rol : The World the Slaves Made. Nova York: Pantheon, 1974.

Greenidge, Charles W. W. Slavery. Londres: Al en & Unwin, 1958.

Jordan, Winthrop D. White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hil : University of North Carolina Press, 1968.

Klein, Herbert S. Slavery in the Americas: A Comparative Study of Virginia and Cuba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.

Mandelsohn, Isaac. Legal Aspects of Slavery in Babylonia, Assyria and Palestine: A Comparative Study, 3000-500 B.C. Wil iamsport, PA: The Bayard Press, 1932.

_____. Slavery in the Ancient Near East. Nova York: Oxford University Press, 1949.

Miers, Suzanne e Igor Kopytoff (orgs.). Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977.

Myrdal, Gunnar. American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy.

Nova York: Harper & Row, 1944.

Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Watson, James L. Asian and African Systems of Slavery. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

Westerman, Wil iam L. The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity.

Filadélfia: American Philosophical Society, 1955.

Wiedermann, Thomas. Greek and Roman Slavery. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.

Winks, Robin (org.) Slavery: A Comparative Perspective. Nova York: New York University Press, 1972.

Artigos

Feigin, Samuel I. “The Captives in Cuneiform Inscriptions”. American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, vol. 50, nº 4 (Julho de 1934).

Finley, Moses I. “Slavery”. Em Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 14. Nova York: Macmil an/ Free Press, 1968, pp. 307-18.

Gelb, I. J. “Prisoners of War in Early Mesopotamia ”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 32 (1973), pp. 70-98.

Harris, Rivkah. “Notes on the Slave Names of Old Babylonian Sippar”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 29, nº 1 (Janeiro de 1977), pp. 46-51.

Pul eyblank, E. G. “The Origins and Nature of Chattel Slavery in China”. Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 1, pt. 1 (1958), pp. 201-5.

Siegel, Bernard. “Slavery During the 3rd Dynasty of Ur”. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, New Series, vol. 49, nº 1.

_____. “Some Methodological Considerations for a Comparative Study of Slavery”.

American Anthropologist, New Series, vol. 47, nº 2 (Abril-Junho de 1945), pp. 357-92. “Slavery, Serfdom and Forced Labor”. Em New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15ª

ed., vol. 16, (Chicago, 1979), Macropaedia, pp. 853-66.

Wilbur, C. Martin. “Slavery in China during the Former Han Dynasty, 206 B.C. –

A.D. 25”. Publications of Field Museum of National History, Ahtropological Series, vol. 34 (15 de janeiro de 1943).

IV. PROSTITUIÇÃO

Livros Bloch, Iwan. Die Prostitution. Vol. 1. Berlim: L. Marcies, 1912.

Bul ough, Vern L. Sex, Society and History. Nova York: Science History Publications, 1976.

Bul ough, Vern L., e Bonnie Bul ough. The History of Prostitution: An Il ustrated Social History. Nova York: Crown, 1978.

Henriques, Fernando. Prostitution and Society. Vol. 1. Londres: MacGibbon and Kee, 1962.

_____. Stews and Strumpets: A Survey of Prostitution. Londres: MacGibbon and Kee, 1961.

La Croix, Paul. History of Prostitution. Chicago: Pascal Covici, 1926.

Sanger, Wil iam W. A History of Prostitution. 1858; reimpressão. Nova York: Medical Publishing Co., 1898.

Artigos

Ebert, Max. “Prostitution”. Em Real exicon der Vorgeschichte, vol. V, erste Hälfte.

Berlim: De Gruyter, 1926, p. 323.

May, Geoffrey. “Prostitution”. Em Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 13.

Nova York: Macmil an, 1934, pp. 553-59.

“Prostitution”. Em Encyclopedia Americana, International Edition, vol. 22. Danbury, CT: Americana Corp., 1979, pp. 672-74.

“Prostitution”. Em New Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 15. Chicago: Helen Hemingway Benton Publishers, 1979, p. 76.

Referência “Geschlechtsmoral” e “Hierodulen”, em Erich Ebeling e Bruno Meissner, Real exicon der Assyriologie, vol. 4. Berlim: De Gruyter, 1971, pp. 223, 391-93.

V. RELIGIÃO, VELHO TESTAMENTO, ANTIGA ISRAEL

Fontes Primárias

Livros

Calvin, John. Commentaries on the First Book of Moses cal ed Genesis. Vol. 1.

Trad. John King. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1948.

Grimké, Sarah M. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women. Boston: Isaac Knapp, 1838.

The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text. Filadélfia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1917.

Sasson, Jack M. Ruth: A New Translation with a Philological Commentary and a Formalist-Folklorist Interpretation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979.

Speght, Rachel. A Mouzel for Melastomus, the Cynical Bayter and foule-mouthed Barker against Evah’s Sex. Londres: Thomas Archer, 1617.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady e o Comitê de Revisão. The Woman’s Bible. 1898; reimpressão. Seattle: Coalition Task Force on Women and Religion, 1974.

Zeigner, Oskar. Luther und die Erzväter: Auszüge aus Luther’s Auslegungen zum ersten Buch Moses mit einer theologischen Einleitung. Berlim: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1962.

Obras de Referência

Livros Baly, Dennis. Geography of the Bible: A Study in Historical Geography. Nova York: Harper & Row, 1977.

Encyclopaedia Judaica. 16 vols. Jerusalém: Keter Publishing House, 1971-72.

“Hebrew Religion”. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11ª ed., vol. XIII. Nova York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., 1910.

Harris, Rivkah. “Women in the Ancient Near East”. Em The Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume, org. K. R. Crim. Nashvil e: Abingdon, 1976, pp. 960-63.

The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume. org. K. R. Crim.

Nashvil e: Abingdon, 1976.

Trible, Phyl is. “Women in the Old Testament”. Em The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume, org. K. R. Crim.

Obras Secundárias

Livros

Albright, Wil iam Foxwel . Archaeology and the Religion of Israel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1956.

_____. From the Stone Age to Christianity: Monotheism and the Historical Process. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1940.

Bakan, David. And They Took Themselves Wives: The Emergence of Patriarchy in Western Civilization. Nova York: Harper & Row, 1979.

Bewer, Julius August. The Literature of the Old Testament. Nova York: Columbia University Press, 1933. Primeira edição, 1922.

Carmichael, Calum M. Women, Law, and the Genesis Traditions. Edimburgo: Edinburgh University Press, 1979.

Daly, Mary. Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women’s Liberation.

Boston: Beacon Press, 1973.

_____. The Church and the Second Sex. Nova York: Harper & Row, 1975.

De Vaux, Roland O. Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions. Nova York: McGraw-Hil , 1961; edição em brochura, 2 vols., 1965.

Driver, Samuel R. An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament. Nova York: Meridian Books, 1960.

Epstein, Louis M. Marriage Laws in the Bible and the Talmud. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1942.

_____. Sex Laws and Customs in Judaism. Nova York: Bloch, 1948.

Freud, Sigmund. “Moses and Monotheism: Three Essays”. Em Complete Psychological Works. vol. 23. Londres: 1963-64, pp. 1-137.

Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schussler. In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. Nova York: Crossroads, 1983.

Goldenberg, Naomi, R. Changing of the Gods: Feminism and the End of Traditional Religions. Boston: Beacon Press, 1979.

Gottwald, Norman K. The Tribes of Yahweh: A Sociology of the Religion of Liberated Israel, 1250-1050 B.C. Maryknol , NY: Orbis Books, 1979.

Graves, Robert. The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth (edição emendada e aumentada). Nova York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1983.

Graves, Robert e Raphael Patai. Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis. Nova York: Greenwich House, 1983.

Gray, John. Near Eastern Mythology. Londres: Hamlyn, 1969.

Harris, Kevin. Sex, Ideology and Religion: The Representation of Women in the Bible. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Bookw, 1984.

Harrison, Jane El en. Mythology. Nova York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1963.

Hil ers, Delbert R. Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969.

Hoch-Smith, Judith e Anita Spring. Women in Ritual and Symbolic Roles. Nova York: Plenum Press, 1978.

James, E. O. The Ancient Gods: The History and Diffusion of Religion in the Ancient Near West and the Eastern Mediterranean. Londres: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1960.

MacDonald, Elizabeth Mary. The Position of Woman as Reflected in Semitic Codes of Law. Toronto: Univertity of Toronto Press, 1931.

May, Herbert G. (org.). Oxford Bible Atlas. Londres: Oxford University Press, 1962.

Meek, Teophile James. Hebrew Origins. Nova York: Harper Torchbooks, 1960.