Notas

[1] En castellano en el original. (Nota del Editor) <<

[2] G. B. Kerferd, The Sophistic Movement, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,

1981, p. 144. <<

[3] E. A. Havelock, The Liberal Temper in Greek Politics, New Haven, Yale

University Press, 1957. <<

[4] K. R. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, Londres, Routledge and Kegan

Paul, 1945. <<

[5] Alasdair Maclntyre, After virtue: A study in Moral Tbeory, Londres, Duckworth

and Co., 1981, p. 67. <<

[6] Sobre este punto, véase Leo Strauss, Natural Rigbt and History, Chicago,

University of Chicago Press, 1953. <<

[7] Esta consideración se la debo a Neera Badhwar. <<

[8] F. A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul,

1960, p. 166. <<

[9] Leo Strauss, «On the Spirit of Hobbes Political Philosophy», en K. C. Brown,

comp. Hobbes Studies, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1965, p. 13. <<

[10] Michael Oakeshott, Hobbes on Civil Association, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1975,

p. 63. <<

[11] C. B. Macpherson, The Political Theory of Possessive individualism, Oxford,

Clarendon Press, 196Z Trad. esp. <<

[12] Stuart Hampshire, Two Theories of Morality, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p.

56. <<

[13] Véase la edición de Peter Laslett de la obra de John Locke, Two Tnatises of

Government, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1967. <<

[14] Alan Macfarlane, The Origins of English Individualism: The family property and

social transition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1978. <<

[15] John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, Cambridge, Cambridge

University Press, 1969. <<

[16] Al respecto, véanse los originales estudios de James Tully, A Discourse of

Property: John Locke and his Adversaries, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press,

1980. <<

[17] Véase Tully, op. cit. <<

[18] W. H. Greenleaf, Order, Empiricism and Politics: Two Traditions of Englisb

Political Tbougbt, 1500-1700, Westport, Conn, Greenwood Press, 1980, p. 265; y W.

H. Greenleaf, The British Political Tradition, vol. 2, The ideological heritage,

Londres, Methuen, 1983, p. 22. <<

[19] G. de Ruggiero, The History of European Liberalism, Oxford, Oxford University

Press, 1927, p. 24. Trad. esp. <<

[20] Al respecto, véase Ruggiero, op. cit., pp. 395-406. <<

[21] Marqués de Condorcet, The History of Human Progress, libro 10, revisado por

Nicholas Capaldi, The Enlightenment: The Proper Study of Mankind, Nueva York, G.

P. Putnam’s Sons, 1965, p. 312. <<

[22] Benjamin Constant, «Liberty Ancient and Modern», citado en G. de Ruggiero,

The History of European Liberalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1972, pp.

167-168. <<

[23] D. G. Ritchie, Natural Rights, Londres, Allen & Unwin, 1894, página 3. <<

[24] A. J. P. Taylor, English History 1914-1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press,

1965, p. 1. <<

[25] G. J. Goschen, Laissez-faire and Government Interference, Londres, 1883, p. 3;

citado en W. H. Greenleaf, The British Political Tradition, vol. 2, The ideological

heritage, Londres, Methuen, 1983, p. 44. <<

[26] Sobre Disraeli, véase el magnífico estudio psicológico de Berlin, «Benjamin

Disraeli, Karl Marx and the Search for Identity», en I. Berlin, Against the Current,

Londres, Hogarth Press, 1980, pp. 262-286. Trad. esp. <<

[27] A. V. Dicey, Lectures on the Relation between Law and Public Opinion in

England during the Nineteenth Century, 1905, p. 432, citado en Greenleaf, op. cit., p.

105. <<

[28] L. T. Hobhouse, Liberalism, 1911, reimpreso en 1966, p. 58; citado en Greenleaf,

op. cit., vol. II, p. 103. <<

[29] Greenleaf, op. cit., p. 49. <<

[30] Véase, en especial, Henry Sidgwick, «The Relations of Ethics with Sociology»,

en Miscellaneous Essays and Addresses, Londres, Macmillan, 1904. <<

[31] Norman Stone, Europe Transformed, 1878-1919, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard

University Press, 1984, p. 201. Trad. esp. <<

[32] A. J. P. Taylor, English History, 1914-1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press,

1965, p. 2. <<

[33] Véase sir Ernest Benn, Happier Days: Recollections and Reflections, Londres,

1949. <<

[34] Sobre la defensa de la libertad individual basada en el pluralismo de los valores,

véase «On Negative and Positive Liberty», del autor, en Z. A. Pelczynski y John

Gray, comps., Conceptions of Liberty in Political Philosophy, Londres, Athlone

Press, y St. Martin’s Press, Nueva York, 1984. <<

[35] Para un análisis de la acogida tardía del trabajo de Hayek, véase John Gray,

Hayek on Liberty, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1984, cap. 1. <<

[36] Véase Murray N. Rothbard, America’s Great Depression, Nueva York,

Richardson, 1983. <<

[37] Véase Rothbard, passim. <<

[38] Véase F. A. Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Londres,

Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967, p. 194. <<

[39] Para una sólida critica del fracaso del «conservadurismo del mercado libre» en la

defensa de las libertades personales, véase Samuel Brittan, Capitalism and the

Permissive Society, Londres, Macmillan, 1973. <<

[40] James Buchanan, Freedom in Constitucional Contract, College Station, Texas,

Texas A & M University Press, 1977; Limits of Liberty: Between Anarchy and

Leviathan, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1975. <<

[41] Alasdair Maclntyre, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, Londres, Duckworth

and Co., 1981, p. 204. <<

[42] Bernard Williams, Morality: An Introduction to Ethics, Nueva York, Harper and

Row, 1972, pp. 64-65. <<

[43] Stuart Hampshire, Freedom of Mind, Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press,

1971, pp. 78-79. <<

[44] Véase Hillel Steiner, «The Structure of a Set of Compossible Rights», Journal of

Philosophy, LXXIV (12), diciembre de 1977, pp. 767-775. <<

[45] Véase Stuart Hampshire, «Morality and Pessimism», reimpreso en Morality and

Conflict, del mismo Hampshire, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1983; y H. L. A. Hart, The

Concept of Law, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1961. <<

[46] John Gray, Mill on Liberty: A defence, Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983.

<<

[47] John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, Mass., Belnap Press of the Harvard

University Press, 1971. Trad. esp. <<

[48] Véase, en particular, Freedom in Constitutional Contract, de James Buchanan,

College Station, Texas, Texas A & M University Press, 1977. <<

[49] David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1985.

<<

[50] Isaiah Berlin, «Two Concepts of Liberty», en Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford,

Oxford University Press, 1969. Trad. esp. <<

[51] F. A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul,

1960, pp. 16-17. <<

[52] Para una exploración de la libertad como no restricción de opciones, véase S. I.

Benn y W. L. Weinstein, «Being Free to Act and Being a Free Man», Mind, 80, 1971,

pp. 194-211. <<

[53] Véase I. Berlin, op. cit., pp. 145-154. <<

[54] Véase F. A. Hayek, op. cit., pp. 146-147. <<

[55] Especialmente en su examen del ensayo sobre «El espíritu de la época» y de La

democracia en América, de Tocqueville. <<

[56] Véase John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1971,

pp. 201-205. <<

[57] Quedo aquí en deuda con la formulación de Joel Feinberg, en J. Feinberg, Social

Philosophy, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice Hall Inc., 1973, pp. 15-16. <<

[58] Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, Nueva York, Basic Books, 1974. <<

[59] Véase A. M. Honore, «Social Justice», en R. S. Summers, comp., Essays in Legal

Philosophy, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968. <<

[60] Ya he analizado la idea de conocimiento práctico en mi libro Hayek on Liberty,

Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1984, pp. 14-15. <<

[61] Véase Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, Chicago, Henry Regnery, 1960, p. 121.

<<

[62] Hayek, op. cit., cap. 21. <<

[63] Hayek, op. cit., cap. 126. <<

[64] Michael Oakeshott, Rationalism in Politics, Londres, Methuen, 1962, p. 46. <<

[65] León Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, Nueva York, 1937, p. 76. Trad. esp. <<

[66] Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, Nueva York, Basic Books, 1974, p.

321. <<

[67] F. A. Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Londres, Routledge

and Kegan Paul, 1967, pp. 164-165. <<

[68] Sobre el «debate de los cálculos», véase Dan C. Lavoie, Rivalry and Central

Planning: The socialist calculation debate reconsidered, Cambridge, Cambridge

University Press, 1985. <<

[69] Véase Murray N. Rothbard, America’s Great Depression, Nueva York,

Richardson, 1983; y Milton Friedman, The Great Contraction (con Anna Schwartz).

Princeton, N. J., Princeton Lniversity Press, 1965. <<

[70] Véase G. L. S. Shackle, Epistemics and Economics, Cambridge, Cambridge

University Press, 1976, p. 239. <<

[71] J. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Londres, Unwin

University Brooks, 1943, pp. 81-87. Trad. esp. <<

[72] Al respecto véase mi libro Mill on Liberty: A defence, Londres, Routledge and

Kegan Paul, 1983, pp. 60-63. <<

[73] Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Nueva York, Basic Books, 1974, cap.

5. <<

[74] Nozick, op. cit., p. 25. <<

[75] Véase Murray N. Rothbard, The Ethics of Liberty, Atlantic Highlands, N. J.,

Humanities Press, 1982, cap. 29. <<

[76] Pero véase Nozick, op. cit., p. 30, nota de pie de página. <<

[77] Herbert Spencer, Social Statics, Nueva York, Fundación Robert Schalkenbach,

1970, cap. XIX. <<

[78] F. A. Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol. 2, «The mirage of social justice»,

Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1976, p. XIII. <<

[79] Véase James Buchanan y Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent, Michigan,

University of Michigan Press, 1962. <<

[80] Véase Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, Chicago, Henry Regnery, 1960, cap.

20; y Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago, Chicago University Press,

1962, pp. 174-175. <<

[81] Véase F. A. Hayek, The Denationalisation of Money, 2.ª edición, Londres,

Institute of Economic Affairs, 1978. <<

[82] Para una exposición de la teoría económica basada en la oferta, véase George

Gilder, Wealtb and Poverty, Nueva York, Basic Books, 1981. <<

[83] Sobre las disposiciones constitucionales de contingencia, véase F. A. Hayek, Law,

Legislation and Liberty, vol. 3, «The political order of a free people», Londres,

Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979, pp. 124-126. <<

[84] Nozick, op. cit., pp. 230-231. <<

[85] Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago, University of Chicago

Press, 1962, pp. 190-193. <<

[86] Friedman, op. cit., pp. 89-90. <<

[87] Para una crítica aguda de la noción liberal de humanidad en forma genérica, véase

K. R. Minogue, The Liberal Mind, Nueva York, Vintage Books, 1968, pp. 52-61. <<

[88] F. Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, Nueva York, J. W.

Lovell Company, 1887. Trad. esp. <<

[89] Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, Boston, Beacon Press, 1957. Trad. esp.

<<

[90] Para una crítica de la idea liberal del individuo abstracto, véase Steven Lukes,

Individualism, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1973. Trad. esp. <<

[91] Sobre los niveles de vida populares durante la Revolución Industrial, véase R. M.

Hartwell, The Industrial Revolution and Economie Growth, Londres, Methuen, 1971.

<<

[92] Al respecto véase Alan Macfarlane, The Origins of English Individualism: The

family, property and social transition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1978.

<<

[93] Para una defensa conservadora de las instituciones de mercado, véase lord

Coleraine, For Conservatives Only, Londres, Tom Stacey, 1970. <<

[94] Véase J. E. Meade, The Intelligent Radical’s Guide to Economic Policies,

Londres, G. Allen and Unwin, 1975. <<

[95] Véase J. Dorn, «Markets, True and False: The case of Yugoslavia», Journal of

Libertarian Studies, 2 (3), otoño de 1978, pp. 243-268. <<

[96] Véase James Buchanan y Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent, Michigan,

University of Michigan Press, 1962. <<

[97] Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Nueva York, Basic Books, 1974, pp.

230-231. <<

[98] Para una propuesta de un impuesto negativo al capital, véase A. B. Atkinson,

Unequal Sham, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1972, p. 232. <<