Entomology. New species of mosquitoes from Brazil

Metanotum – With a subapical tuft of 6 to 8 hairs, and besides the midline with two rows of small white scales, slightly golden, flat and spathulate.

Scutellum – With white scales of a bluish hue; central lobe with 8 and lateral lobes with 5 long hairs.

Pleura – Covered with mother-of-pearl white colored scales on the middle; the other scales are golden; both are flat and imbricate.

Abdomen – Pale and dull golden-colored below; metallic blue, almost black, below, with coppery reflexes; this color is wider on the basal part, and the gold on the apical part of the segments, both limited by a stair-like line.

Legs – Femora of the first pair laterally flattened and twisted, golden below, violet on the remainder, with red and blue reflexes; only on the three last tarsi there are white and golden scales, intermixed with blue ones; second pair similar, only the four tarsi completely white and apex of metatarsus with predominantly white scales; the claws of these pairs are very unequal, although unarmed; the posterior pair, generally dark violet, has the femur golden below, some white scales below the knee, and the apex of the first and the three last tarsi snow-white; the tibia has, especially on the inner side, long and prominent scales, which also extend over the metatarsus, and, although smaller, form an equivalent of the branches of Sabethes ; the metatarsus is a little longer than the tibia, which is almost as long as the first tarsus.

Wings – The scales are oboval, somewhat asymmetrical, generally dark and in part with blue reflexes; the lateral ones are more developed on the first longitudinal veins, including the fourth; veins a, b and c at the same height, forming an almost straight line; the first forked cell is a little longer than the second.

 

(Female)

May be distinguished from the male by the slightly pilose antennae, short palpi, and sexual characters of the last segment. In addition, there are more white scales on the fore tarsi, which are almost snow-white, and also on the posterior pair the white is more pronounced;

the scales, however, are less prominent. 15

 

XVI – Trichoprosopon compressum (Male)

Total length 7mm, without the proboscis, which measures almost 3mm.

Proboscis – Slender, cylindrical, with only the apex swollen, covered with bronzecolored scales below and with dark scales with light-copper alternated with dark metallic bluish-green reflexes above; there are also fine, short and sparse hairs,more abundant on the labella; on the base of the proboscis there are longer and more prominent hairs on the ventral side.

Palpi – Linear, slender, almost as long as proboscis, with short basal article plus four long ones, of which the second has many fine ventral hairs, the last with longer and thicker apical hairs and other finer hairs on the ventral side. On the remainder they are fine, with scales opposed or prominent only at the tip.

Clypeus – Dark-ochre, blackened above, but with white shine and many very long and prominent hairs.

Antennae – A little shorter than the palpi, plumose, with larger and smaller verticils, of a grayish color, as is also the flagellum, which presents lighter articulary rings and some iridescent scales on the inner side of the long first articles; the last segments are shorter than the remaining. Torus blackish-ochre colored, especially above, with plumbeous shine and furnished with hair on the inner surface.

Frons – Honey-yellow colored, a little prominent.

Occiput – Anterior angle with some proclinate hairs; on the remainder, the black groundcolor is covered with flat, imbricate scales, except for the cervix, where they are erect, long, and bifurcated, of a black color. The flat scales are spathulate, with rounded apex, proclinate and mother-of-pearl white or dark and clear sky-blue iridescent; on the sides and the mentum, where the groundcolor is lighter, they appear golden and mother-of-pearl white.

Prothoracic lobes – With black hairs and flat scales, accompanying the colors of the occiput.

Mesonotum – Groundcolor a deep dark brown, but with a silvery shine, covered with spindle-shaped, curved scales, with a dull olivaceous and dark-bronze shine.

Pleura – Blackish-ochre colored, on the central parts with many small scales of a mother-of-pearl white color, which extend over the coxae; on the wing root there are many dark and thick hairs, continuing over the scutellum, which is covered by flat scales with a satin-like shine of a mother-of-pearl blue color; these also invade the posterior margin of the mesonotum.

Metanotum – Blackish, with a subapical tuft formed by many very fine and short hairs; there are also small white scales, which fall off very easily, in such a way that they lack in most specimens.

Abdomen – Dark above, with dark metallic reflexes of a bronze, green, blue and violet colors; pale and dull golden-colored below, the ground color ochre and the scales of a mother-of-pearl white color; the latter are somewhat long and prominent on the midline, and invade the dark color under the form of subapical triangles; the eighth and ninth segments of the male are covered by scales with golden and rose shine; the anterior half of the abdomen is laterally compressed, the posterior one dorsoventrally flattened.

Legs – Uniformly dark above, with violet and dark-blue shine; below, the two fore pairs are bronzy; on the third only the base of the tibia and the femur, except its apex, which, like the remainder, participates of the color of the superior side; on the middle pair, tarsi 2, 3 and 4 are snow-white colored, but the base and apex of the 4 th and the base of the 2 nd are dark-colored, and this dark color is much more extended ventrally than dorsally.

Wings – With asymmetrical, spathulate, almost oboval scales of a brownish color, with iridescent shine; first forked cell over twice, second just a little longer than, their respective stems; veins a and b forming an almost straight line, divided by the longitudinal vein that is well prolonged towards the base; some other times, b is oblique, or a little more approximated to the apex, but c is always found nearer the apex, generally at least by a distance equal to its length.

 

(Female)

Has short palpi, with some terminal hairs, and scales similar to those of the proboscis; the antennae are only pilose; the claws similar and the last segments with the characters of the sex; the entire abdomen

is laterally compressed. 16

 

XVII – Rhynchomyia lineata (Male)

Total length 4½mm, without the proboscis, which measures 3mm.

Proboscis – Dark-brown, covered with fine and short hairs and little prominent scales; apex swollen.

Palpi – A little longer than proboscis, with 5 articles, of which the 1st very short, covered with spaced scales and fine hairs, more developed on the terminal article; at he tip dark scales, somewhat prominent.

Antennal torus and frontal prominence in the shape of an obtuse cone, blackishochre colored, with whitish shine.

Antennae – Little plumose.

Occiput – With spindle-shaped, long and curved, cream-colored scales on the centre, and, more backwards, other straight, spathulate, narrow scales, with bifurcated tip; on both sides of the occiput dark, long and narrow scales, in part bifurcated, in part establishing a transition to the long and proclinate hairs; groundcolor dark, with whitish shine, seeming to have been also covered with flat scales; outwards and downwards there are yet a few long, proclinate hairs. Vertex with long and narrow, proclinate scales of a golden color and equally colored hairs.

Prothoracic lobes – Very hairy, somewhat dark, very prominent, in one of the sides even seeming to exist a prominence.

Mesonotum and pleura – Totally devoid of scales, of a reddish-yellow color; the former with a median longitudinal yellow line; there are some rows of fine and dark hairs with bronze reflexes.

Scutellum – Ochre-colored, with a great number of terminal hairs.

Halteres – Stem whitish, capitulum dark, having on the terminal surface small, curved, silvery scales.

Metanotum – Seems to have had scales and hairs.

Abdomen – Dark-brown, a little reddish above; ochre-colored below. Does not show scales, but there are many golden hairs both above and below, which are evenly distributed, being, however, a little longer on the 1 st segment and on the lateral margin of the last ones.

Wings – Scales oboval, narrow and long, (Taeniorhynchus -type ); 1st nd forked cell long and narrow, over twice length of its stem; the 2

shorter, just the length of its stem; veins a, b and c forming an almost straight line.

Legs – Very long and slender, of a dull brown color, with a bronze shine; metatarsi very long, especially those of the last pair; the two fore pairs with a larger and a shorter claw, devoid of teeth, the claws of the last pair equal and small.

There remains, of the genital parts of the male, only the basal part,

with some scales, the terminal claw having fallen off. 17

 

XVIII – Sabethes albiprivatus (Female)

Total length 5mm, without the proboscis, which measures from 1.5 to 2mm.

Proboscis – Apex swollen; proboscis length equal to that of the abdomen, dark, with iridescent blue, violet and red scales, and some golden ones; hairs fine, sparse on the apical part, denser on labella.

Palpi – One-fourth length of proboscis, with similar scales. Clypeus – Dark, with silvery reflexes; frons ochre-colored, somewhat prominent.

Antennae – Almost as long as proboscis; torus dark with silvery reflexes and some short hairs on the inner side.

Occiput – With imbricate, flat scales, lilac-blue and violet iridescent; on the sides, on the mentum region, other scales, silvery and dull-golden colored; on the anterior angle and sides, on the eye margin, there are some very dark, proclinate hairs.

Prothoracic lobes – With shining, red, violet and lilac iridescent scales above, having, to the naked eye, the color of polished copper; below with golden scales; the groundcolor is brown.

Mesonotum – Of a pavonine golden-green; over the dark background there are oboval green-gold scales, set as feathers; on the sides and on the scutellum there are other scales, very dark, olivaceous or bronzy.

Pleura – Brown in groundcolor and with many mother-of-pearl white colored scales, which extend over the sternum and the coxae.

Scutellum – With very dark hairs.

Metanotum – Naked, dark-brown with whitish shine and some very dark subapical hairs.

Abdomen – Laterally compressed, very dark violet, with polished copper and steel-blue reflexes above and below, the scales very prominent on the midline; thegold laterally invades the superior part on the apex, the dark the lower half, on the base of the segments, forming a less regular, zigzag line; the violet also forms, below, basal bands, more visible on the posterior half; the first segment is narrow, covered with scales; the eighth and the apex of the ninth segments have many dark golden hairs, forming a not very long terminal tuft. Legs – Femora and tibiae very compressed, with dilated apex and slender base; the legs have a uniform violet color, without white bands. The tibia of the second pair, on its distal half, furnished with long, dark, hair-like scales, which are also found on the basal half of the metatarsus, forming, all together, a spindle-shaped or oval “oar”; the hind metatarsus is a little longer than the tibia; the tarsi decrease in size in the proportion of 5, 4, 3 and 1.

Wings – Furnished with wide and sickle-shaped scales; first forked cell with its base nearer to the root of the wing than the second; the stems, in length, represent the fourth part of the first cell, and half the length of the second cell; the transverse veins a and b form a very obtuse angle, which opens towards the base; c is almost transverse

and situated at the same height of 18 b .

 

XIX – Sabethes lutzii Theo

In his monograph, v.III, p.323, Theobald, refers, under the name S. lutzii, to a new Sabethes, from Manaus. We cannot give a detailed description of that species, because the type has not arrived to our hands – already very damaged, it became totally smashed. There can be no doubt, however, that we are dealing with a new species, the type being very large, uniformly very dark metallic blue and furnished with pilose oar-like appendices on all pairs of legs.

With these data it will be easy to recognize the species as soon as another specimen appears.

 

XX 19 – Menolepisleucostigma (Female)

Total length 3.5mm, without the proboscis, which measures 2mm.

Proboscis – Apex swollen, black, covered with scales, but without larger hair, with the exception of the ventral side at base; labella with fine hairs.

Palpi – Short, barely surpassing length of clypeus, covered with scales and very dark hairs.

Antennae – Shorter than proboscis, dark, with light rings at joints, hairs dark with silvery shine.

Clypeus and torus – Black-colored, with white shine.

Occiput – With flat, dark scales, with bluish-white glitter; laterally and in the mentum region with slightly golden, white scales.

Prothoracic lobes – With iridescent scales, which seem to be blue above, golden and white below; and with proclinate hairs.

Mesonotum – Dark-brown in groundcolor, shining, the scales very dark, and, especially on the anterior part, almost black, spindle-shaped and densely grouped, but soft and little prominent; although being dark, they have a clear shine, silvery or bronzy.

Scutellum – With similar scales over a whitish background, longer at margins; with 6 hairs on the lateral lobes and 4 hairs on the median lobe.

Pleura – Ochre-colored, with many mother-of-pearl white colored scales and groups of golden hairs which also extend to the root of wings.

Metanotum – Light-ochre colored, dark on sides, densely covered with small flat scales, whose more extensive and central part is of a mother-of-pearl white color; the more lateral ones are very transparent and have a grayish-blue shine; on the apical part there are 6 golden hairs; macroscopically, the metanotum appears as a white dot, contrasting with the generally dark color of the dorsal surface and characterizing very well the species.

Abdomen – Light-ochre colored below, with yellowish-white or pale and dull golden scales; velvety-black colored above, but with a violet or dark-green shine; the dark part is somewhat enlarged on the apical part of the segments, the light one on the basal part, thus forming a line in a slight zigzag; 1st segment narrow, but densely covered with scales, there also being less abundant golden hairs; on the last segment there are fine golden hairs in greater number; on the intermediary segments, however, they are rare, minute and golden-colored.

Legs – Dark-violet above, lighter below, with bronzy shine; femora, on their ventral surface, dull golden colored. Claws of the usual type.

Wings – Lateral scales on the longitudinal veins narrow, long and spathulate, as in the genus Culex; the median ones shorter and darker; on the Costa with blue shine; 1st forked cell thrice as long as its stem; the 2nd of the same length as its stem; veins a and b forming a very obtuse angle open towards the base; c near wing base by a distance almost twice its own length.

Halteres – Dark on the superior surface of the stem and on the capitulum; the former, below, with mother-of-pearl white colored scales; the latter, on the terminal surface, with grayish-brown scales with whitish shine.

 

(Male)

May be distinguished by the sexual characters of the last segment, by the unequal and unarmed claws in the four fore pairs, and by the characters of the antennae, whose verticils, however, differ very little

in length from those found in the antennae of the females. 20

 

XXI – 21 Dendromyia oblita (Male)

Total length 4mm, without the proboscis, which measures 2mm.

Proboscis – Short, about 2/3 length of abdomen, slender, but swelling towards apex, where it is thicker; the color is dark, with dark-coppery reflexes, except on the basal half of the lower side, where is it light-yellow; there are no larger hairs.

Palpi – Short, covered with cream-colored scales.

Antennae – Plumose, somewhat shorter than proboscis, dark-grayish colored, with bronzy and silvery reflexes.

Clypeus and torus – Light-brown, with golden reflexes.

Occiput – With white scales on the eye margins, extending over the vertex and the mentum region, which is entirely white; there are also in the limit of the vertex long, proclinate, golden hairs and scales; more towards the back there are flat, imbricate, darker scales, with a shine varying from copper-colored to greenishsteel- blue.

Prothoracic lobes – With golden hairs and mother-of-pearl white colored scales, except on the middle, where there is a dim grayish color, just as on the mesonotum.

Mesonotum – Dark-grayish in color, showing over the dark background spathulate scales, generally with rounded tip, mostly dull grayish colored, with various reflexes, plus some white scales.

Scutellum – Scales as those of the mesonotum; groundcolor golden, hairs dark with golden reflexes.

Pleura – Ochre-colored, covered with oboval and spathulate scales, of a shining mother-of-pearl white color, which invade the exterior surface of the coxae; there are also golden hairs.

Metanotum – Dark, with some golden hairs on the apical part.

Abdome – First segment narrow, prominent, covered with golden scales and hairs; the last two segments surrounded by a tuft of brown hairs, which are golden on the lower surface; on the remainder, the ventral side is covered with creamcolored scales, which extend to the sides on the apex of the segments; on the midline they are long and prominent; there are also golden hairs; above, the scales are dark, with variable reflexes, a velvety, very dark green prevailing. The copulatory apparatus has yellow pincers hidden in somewhat long hairs and scales.

Legs – Generally dark, almost black, lighter and with bronze reflexes on the ventral surface, the base and the lower side of the femora dull-golden colored. Claws of the fore pairs lager and unequal, without tooth, the last ones similar and small.

Wings – First cell forked, larger than the second, and somewhat longer than its stem; transverse veins a and b forming an obtuse angle, open towards the base; c near base of wing by a distance a little over its own length; lateral scales on the base of the veins as those of the genus Culex, on the apex they are wider, as those of Taeniorhynchus ; on the Costa they are dark, with violet, bronze and dark reflexes.

 

(Female)

May be distinguished by the differences existing in the genital segment, antennae and claws.

Note: This species is very rare. I have reared two males from larvae found in cattail together with those of Menolepis leucostigma and I have two other specimens from the female sex, one of which came from Ponte Ipê Arcado, near the border of Goiás.

 

XXII – 22 Dendromyia serrata(Male)

Total length 5mm, without the proboscis, which measures about 2mm.

Proboscis – Equally slender on the first 2/3, a little swollen on the apical part, where scales are more prominent; the general color is dark, the scales generally have a dark steel-blue metallic shine and sometimes appear especially with bronzy reflexes; labella with fine hairs on the apex; on the remainder, there are no hairs except on the ventral side of the base of the proboscis, where there are some longer ones.

Palpi – Short, with scales similar to those of the proboscis.

Clypeus and torus of antenna plumbleous, with light shine; on frons and internal margin of eyes the color becomes almost white; the clypeus has an almost ovoid shape.

Antennae – Very plumose, with longer and shorter hairs, dark-colored, but with white shine; the last segments do not exceed the others in length; on the base and on the inner side there are some minute and transparent scales, of a mother-ofpearl white color; flagellum dark, with articular rings. Vertex with 2 thick, proclinate, brown hairs.

Occiput – With oboval, flat, proclinate scales with rounded tip and brown hairs with bronzy shine; on the eye margin, on the lateral and mentum region, scales are of a mother-of-pearl white color with bronze shine; on the remainder, scales are dark with blue and lilac shines.

Prothoracic lobes – Groundcolour brown above, but ochre below; scales spathulate, with tip more or less rounded, partly mother-of-pearl white in color, partly of the same color as those of mesonotum, and very thick golden hairs.

Mesonotum – Macroscopically, of a brown, almost black, color, covered with long, flat, oboval and imbricate scales, although following divergent directions and of dark coloration, with a whitish, olivaceous or bronzy shine, always very dim; towards the sides, in the limit of the pleura and on the more anterior part, some scales become lighter – of an yellowish-ivory color.

Scutellum – Densely covered with scales similar to those of the mesonotum, but larger, with tip sometimes flatter; on the margin there are thick hairs with golden shine, which extend to the root of the wings; these are 4 in number, both on the median as on the lateral lobes.

Pleuras – Densely covered with oboval, mother-of-pearl white colored scales,which extend over the external surface of the coxae; groundcolor ochre-brown, but with a frost-white shine.

Mesonotum – Ochre-colored, almost entirely blackened, but with white shine and subapical tuft of very fine and short, light hairs, 8 in number.

Abdome – Macroscopically white below; the first segment narrow, covered with scales and with many long and slender hairs; dorsal side dark in groundcolor,but with a strong white shine; the scales are dark, flat, spathulate and imbricate,metallic iridescent, green, pavonine-blue and bronze hues prevailing; scales below are similar to those above, but with a light, transparent color, with a mother-ofpearl white shine; the limit between the two colors formed by a zigzag line, the dark being wider on the base and the white on the apex of segments, whence it may also surge on the dorsal side; the abdomen has the base somewhat narrower, the apex elongated and dorsoventrally flattened; the last three segments with many darker hairs both above and below.

Legs – Generally dark, with blue shine; the ventral part generally lighter, with bronzy shine; on the last pairs the last two tarsi and the apex of the second are white below, and above the white zone becomes narrow, passing on the more dorsal part to a bronze color; on the posterior pair the metatarsus is a little longer than the tibia, both have sparse spines and long scales on the apical part, which, on the metatarsus, are mixed up with hairs; on the tibio-metatarsal articulation there is, on the inner side, a number of long and filiform scales, also found in the female; on the first tarsus there are below prominent scales and a sub-basal tuft of dark-brown hairs. Claws of the fore pairs unequal, but unarmed; those of the last pair similar and minute.

Wings – Very transparent; the lateral scales of the last longitudinal veins and of the other, below the forks, narrow and long, as in Culex; on the wing tip they become wider, short, of a somewhat spathulate form, with rounded tip; 1 st forked cell about twice as long as its stem; 2nd a little longer; veins a and b forming a not very obtuse angle open towards the base, from which c is approximated by a distance a little over its own length.

Halteres – Golden-bronze colored, capitulum darker, covered on the terminal surface with bronzy scales.

 

(Female)

May be distinguished from the male by the antennae, somewhat less plumose,by the similar fore claws, by the sexual characters of the last segment, and by not having white scales on the fore tarsus; neither there is the sub-basal tuft found in the male.

 

XXIII – 23 Dendromyia medio albipesTheob.

(Male)

Total length 3.5mm, without the proboscis, which measures 2mm.

Proboscis – Very slender, swollen on apex, with bronze and dark-blue colored scales, the former prevailing on the base and on all the ventral surface; labella with small apical hairs; on the remainder there are no hairs, except some larger ones on the ventral side of the proboscis’ root.

Palpi – Short, covered with brownish scales with a slight bronzy shine.

Clypeus – Golden, a little blackened above, where it appears to have small, spindle-shaped scales of white color, very deciduous, and many very fine hairs with a white shine.

Antennae – Plumose, with golden-colored, somewhat blackened, torus, but with white shine, and on the inner side with little hair and some whitish scales; flagellum dark with white rings, the verticils dark-grayish, hairs short with silvery shine.

Occiput – With flat and imbricate scales, generally dark and with metallic green, blue and very dim bronzy shines; on the eye margin, on the vertex, on the sides and on the mentum region, the scales become of a mother-of-pearl white color; on the cervical region there are thick and curved hairs, not very long; on the anterior angle there are 2 larger, proclinate hairs with golden shine.

Prothoracic lobes – With flat scales, dark with bronzy and violet light shine above, white with a mother-of-pearl shine below; among them there are some golden hairs.

Mesonotum – Groundcolour dark-brown, covered with somewhat small, oboval, dark scales with very dim metallic shine.

Scutellum – With scales similar to those on the thorax, but larger and longer; hairs dark with bronzy shine.

Metanotum – Dark-brown, lighter on the middle and laterally with subapical tuft of brown hairs.

Pleura – Covered with oboval, mother-of-pearl white colored scales, which extend over the coxae.

Abdomen st – Laterally compressed; 1 segment very narrow, the dorsal part dark, covered with very dark scales with metallic blue, violet and dim bronzy shines. On the ventral side with pale, dull-golden colored scales, very long and prominent; on the midline and median segments there are many apical hairs, very fine, golden and bronzy colored, grouped on the posterior end, where they become somewhat thicker; the last segment little visible, in such a way the abdomen appear truncated at the apex.

Legs – Generally dark above, bronzy below; the middle pair, as well as tarsi, laterally and below, covered with light scales with silvery shine, in variable extensions.

Claws of the 4 fore feet unequal, unarmed and very curved; those of the posterior foot small, similar and unarmed.

Wings – Veins with lateral grayish scales formed as in Culex, other scales wider, short, somewhat asymmetrical, and with a metallic shine more to the middle; on the Costa the scales, very dark, look like spines; forked cells very long, the 1 st nd about thrice, 2 a little longer than, their respective stems; transverse veins a and b meet forming an obtuse angle open towards the base, from which c is approximated by a distance equal to its own length.

Halteres – Stem ochre-colored, covered with golden scales which become of a dark-bronze color on the terminal surface of the capitulum.

 

(Female)

May be distinguished by the pilose antennae, similar claws and by

the sexual characters of the last segment. 24

 

XXIV – 25 Dendromyia arthrostigma(Male)

Total length 4 to 4½ mm, without the proboscis, which measures a little less than 2 mm, being shorter than the abdomen.

Proboscis – Apex swollen; scales iridescent, very dark, with greenish-blue shine above, below lighter and almost white on the root.

Palpi – Very short, with dark scales above and white below; when twisted, as in the male here described, the white shows above. Antennae – A little shorter than the proboscis, very plumose; the verticils with a whitish shine, the hairs fine, almost white; flagellum with white rings near the articulations; torus and clypeus ochre-colored, but with a well pronounced white shine; the same on the frons.

Occiput – Eye margin with white scales, this band laterally growing larger until merging with the white scales of the mentum region; on the remainder, the scales are flat, spathulate and dark-colored, but with a dim iridescence, mostly bluishgreen; two very thick, curved hairs on the vertex, dark-colored but with a golden shine; similar ones on the occiput’s hind margin and on the anterior and median parts of the mesonotum.

Prothoracic lobes – Dark above, mother-of-pearl white below, the colors being similar to those of the head; there are also hairs with a golden shine.

Mesonotum – Covered with divergent, somewhat prominent, oboval and long scales, of a columbine bluish-grey color and dim iridescent shine; on the anterior margin they are very long and of a very light color with white shine; when the scales fall off, one sees that the thorax is brown, somewhat blackened, in background; three smoother and darker longitudinal stripes can be perceived.

Pleura – Covered with mother-of-pearl white colored scales, similar to those on the mesonotum, which also extend over the coxae.

Scutellum – Scales similar to those of the mesonotum; median lobe with about 6 long and thick hairs with a golden shine; similar ones are found in greater number on the lateral lobes, extending up to above the wing root.

Metanotum – Ochre-colored, blackened on the middle, with a subapical tuft of very numerous golden hairs.

Abdome – Strongly compressed at base; the hind part widened and dorsoventrally compressed; with spathulate, imbricate, blackish-olive colored scales above; below, partly with mother-of-pearl white colored scales with very pale golden shine, on the midline; on the 6th segment scales are long and very prominent; 1st segment narrow, prominent, with numerous hairs; 8th very narrow, below with the same color as above; the latter and the 9th densely covered with a tuft of yellow hairs.

Legs – Uniformly dark-colored above, with bluish and greenish reflexes, lighter below, with a bronzy shine; all knees marked with light dots, corresponding to elongate scales of a white or golden color; the same, but less distinctly, is observed on the tibio-metatarsal articulations and in all others of the hind leg; last two hind pairs with light bronzy colored scales on the superior side; hind metatarsi more compressed than their corresponding tibiae.

Claws of the fore feet unequal, but unarmed; those of the hind feet similar and minute.

Wings – Lateral scales long and narrow, especially on the lower half of veins; they become spathulate on the apex, with rounded tip and, in part, asymmetrical; 1st forked cell long, thrice as long as its stem; 2nd shorter, its base closer to the wing’s base, its length a little longer than that of its stem; veins a and b forming an obtuse angle open towards the root of the wing, from which c is approximated by a distance a little over its own length.

Halteres – Stem, root, lower side and terminal surface pale golden colored; the remainder covered with dark scales.

 

(Female)

May be distinguished by the somewhat less plumose antennae, similar claws and sexual characters of the last segment. The terminal tuft is less developed and the general shape of the abdomen flattened above, the dorsal surface forming with the lateral two a triangular prism with rounded angles.

This species can be hardly distinguished from the other Dendromyias and Wyeomyias, and all have the dorsal side with dark colors and dim reflexes and a pale ventral side.

The genera Dendromyia and Wyeomyia must apparently be fused into only one, for lacking really distinctive characters. Wyeomyia is older, but constituted by very heterogeneous species, as shown by the study of males. Because of all that, it seems more convenient to maintain the genus Dendromyia, which does not give room to mistakes, being also of an easier pronunciation.

Our species is easily recognizable by the light articular spots. The larva, living in bamboos, is well characterized by the spinous skin and by the singular form of the styli preorales.

 

XXV – Prosopolepis confusus (Female)

Total length 5 to 6mm, without the proboscis, which measures about 2mm.

Proboscis – Slightly shorter than the abdomen, with swollen tip, dark colored, apex of labella yellowish; it is covered with long, spathulate, little prominent scales of an iridescent, metallic bronze or green and blue color; the proboscis is a little lighter below and dark above; in the labella there are many fine and short hairs and on the root of the proboscis there are others, larger, prominent below.

Palpi – Covered with similar scales, which become white on the ultimate apex,where there are small oboval scales, very transparent.

Antennae – Torus ochre-colored, blackened on the inner side; flagellum dark, dark hairs, larger and smaller.

Clypeus – Dark, covered with spathulate, long and slender scales of a motherof-pearl white color, which also extend towards base of palpi and proboscis.

Occiput – Frons somewhat prominent on the middle, with a white shine which proceeds up to the vertex; on the eye margin there is a narrow band of small, oboval, imbricate, mother-of-pearl white colored scales; on the lateral and mentum regions this white band becomes widened so as to occupy the entire region; remainder of occiput densely covered with oboval, spathulate, imbricate scales with the tip more or less rounded, of a dark color, but bronze, green and blue iridescence; on the cervical region there is a band of erect and spathulate scales of a black color; on the angle of the vertex with the occiput there are 2 thick, proclinate hairs.

Prothoracic lobes – Covered above with scales similar to those of the occiput, mixed up with thick and proclinate hairs.

Mesonotum – Dark-brown in groundcolor, without longitudinal lines, as in Dendromyia personata; covered with very long and narrow, spathulate scales, set in a very regular way in several directions, which are dark and iridescent, as those of the occiput; anterior and lateral slopes showing some white-colored scales; on the sides and above the wing root there are many thick hairs which extend towards the scutellum.

Scutellum – Covered with very long scales, prominent on the apex, of the same color as those on the occiput and mesonotum; there are also hairs, seemingly dark, and 4 long and thick ones on either side.

Pleura – Ochre-colored, with many spathulate, long and narrow scales with rounded tip, of a mother-of-pearl white color, which extend over to the coxae and the lower side of the prothoracic lobes. Many very thick, dark hairs on the coxae.

Metanotum – Blackish-brown, with subapical tuft of about 6 very slender and golden hairs.

Abdome – First segment ochre in groundcolor, with many golden hairs and somewhat prominent scales; on the remainder of the abdomen scales are spathulate,flat and imbricate, their entire upper side blackened, with bronzy, red or blue reflexes, very dark and dim, their ventral side light with very pale dull-golden hue; the limit between the light and dark scales is formed by a straight line; the abdominal scales are slightly elongated and prominent on the apex of the segments; on the last segments (7, 8 and 9) there are many very thick, dark hairs with a golden shine, forming a hardly evident terminal tuft.

Legs – Color uniformly metallic, almost black above, dark bronzy below; ventral side of femora golden-colored, on the 3rd pair the three last tarsi, below, white, with snow-white or light-bronze scales, which may be found on the apex of the1 st tarsus; on the tibio-metatarsal articulations there are long and prominent scales; there are also sparse yellow spines, especially on the femora and on the hind tibiae, which are much shorter than their respective metatarsi.

Wings – Very dark, but with a bronzy-brown shine; veins are covered with oboval or spathulate, somewhat asymmetrical scales only on the basal half; on the longitudinal veins there are long and narrow scales similar to those of st Culex ; 1 forked cell very long, almost 4 times as long as its stem; 2 nd a little over length of its stem; transverse veins a and b meeting at an obtuse angle, open towards wing base, from which c is approximated by a distance equal to its own length (in one specimens it was removed from the base by a very small difference, not reaching even its own length).

Halteres – Basal half of stem white, slightly golden; the remainder

with dark,but iridescent scales; tip of capitulum ochre-brown.26

 

XXVI – 27 Dendromyia bourrouli(Male)

Total length 4mm, without the proboscis, which measures 2.5mm.

Proboscis – Long, equal to or longer than abdomen, much longer than antennae, with the ultimate apex somewhat swollen; covered above with dark scales with a blue shine, below with some clearer spots with variable shine; its basal portion, corresponding to the length of the palpi, has a pale color and white scales, especially on the ventral side.

Palpi – Very short, covered above with scales similar to those of the proboscis’ dorsum.

Clypeus and torus – Of an old-ivory color, but above dark plumbeous, with whitish shine Frons and vertex with white shine.

Antennae – Densely plumose, verticils grayish, hairs fine, whitish, some scales of an iridescent light color on the base and on the inner side.

Occiput – White scales along eye margin; towards the back they become somewhat darker, albeit with a white, rose and even blue shine; at the mentum region they are frankly white; at the vertex there are two larger, proclinate hairs with a clear shine, and towards the back other smaller hairs.

Prothoracic lobes – Large; above with scales similar to those of the occiput, but over a dark background; below they become white.

Mesonotum – Scales oboval, somewhat erect and divergent, over a slightly blackened ochre background; they have a dull plumbeous and bronzy shine and are divided by a median and two submedian streaks, which allow the background to appear; in the anterior part there are some light scales.

Pleura – Scales oboval, of a mother-of-pearl white color, which also extend over the coxae.

Scutellum – Background clear, with a subapical row of dark hairs with white shine, which extends to the origin of wings; (at the median lobe about 8 hairs, at the lateral lobes about 5, larger).

Metanotum – Blackened above, with a plumbeous shine, and a subapical tuft of numerous, but short hairs, mostly proclinate.

Abdomen – Basis narrower and laterally compressed; apex dilated, covered with a terminal tuft; the dorsal surface is flat and covered with spathulate, oboval, dark scales, with a dull copper and steel-blue shine; first segment narrow and prominent, with many hairs with a golden shine; the ventral surface with a median crest, where scales are more prominent, especially on the 4 th segment; the groundcolor is paleochre, the scales of a mother-of-pearl white color, with a slight shine of dull-gold; the 8 th segment, ventrally, with the same color of the dorsum; dorsally of a golden color, as well as the last segment; ventral surface with many very long hairs, with a clear shine; 8th th and 9 segments covered with somewhat darker hairs.

Legs – Dark, above of the same color as the abdomen’s dorsum, the color becoming lighter in the tarsi; lighter below, bronzy, becoming almost white at the base of the femora; articulations marked below the joints by some lateral and ventral light scales; hind metatarsus a little longer than its tibia.

Wings – Some long lateral scales on the basal 2/3 of wings; on the remainder they are shorter, oboval, and sometimes somewhat symmetrical; 1 st forked cell very long, with the base much closer to the wing base than the 2 nd, its length almost 4 times length of the stem (for both sexes); the 2nd almost equal to the length of the stem; veins a and b at an obtuse angle, open towards the base, from which c is approximated by a distance almost equal to its length.

Claws unequal, but unarmed in the 4 fore feet; in the hind feet equal and minute.

 

(Female)

May be distinguished from the male by the less plumose antennae, by the shape of the claws, by the genital parts and the abdomen, the latter of a more regular width and almost prismatic shape, with

horizontal dorsal surface and oblique lateral surfaces.28 XXVII – Sabethinus intermedius (Female)

Total length 4 to 5mm, without the proboscis, which measures 2 to 2.5mm.

Proboscis – Uniformly dark; apex dilated; tip of labella with fine hairs with a white shine; some bronze-colored scales on the ventral surface; there are some black hairs at the base of the ventral side.

Palpi – Dark-violet. Torus, clypeus and frons grayish, with white shine; frons a little prominent.

Antennae – Larger hairs dark, smaller hairs and flagellum dark, but with a whitish shine.

Occiput – At the beginning of the vertex there are 2 dark, proclinate hairs; on the sides some other dark hairs; occiput completely covered with flat and imbricate scales, iridescent in red and sky-blue (predominant color) and some golden ones laterally, which below become of a mother-of-pearl white color.

Mesonotum – Covered with oboval scales, with a metallic steel-blue and skyblue shine; on the posterior part and on the scutellum scales are longer, prominent, and of a golden-green color with pavonine shine; above the root of the wings there are long dark hairs and also on the larger part of the scutellum.

Pleura – With small, oboval, mother-of-pearl colored scales, somewhat golden above and pure white below.

Metanotum – Ochre-colored, very darkened laterally, with a subapical tuft of 5 to 6 dark hairs.

Abdome – First segment prominent, with many hairs with a golden shine; covered above with flat, imbricate scales with sky-blue, dark-blue and violet shines over an ochre background; of a mother-of-pearl white color below, with a slight pale-golden shine and long and prominent scales on the midline; in the venter there are some very dim apical bands where the scales have the same color as those above; segments 7 and 8 furnished with dark hairs, above and below with a golden shine, forming an apical tuft. Both in intermedius and aurescens the light color of the sides forms somewhat irregular triangles with the dorsal tip on the middle of the segments.

Legs – Uniformly dark-blue colored above, below with a bronzy shine; femora, on their first half, of a pale-golden color; all tibiae, especially the first, flattened from top to bottom and dilated on the apical portion; spines sparse on legs, mostly on the hind tibia; hind tibio-metatarsal articulation with some hair-like long scales. Claws similar and small, those of the 4 fore feet somewhat larger.

Wings – Densely covered with brown scales, slightly blue and red iridescent, of asymmetrical form, close to those of Panoplites; on the Costa they show the form of spines and on the base of some longitudinal veins there are some very long; transverse veins a and b forming a somewhat obtuse angle open towards the base, c almost in continuance with st b ; the 1 forked cell long, about 4 times longer than its corresponding stem.

Halteres – Base ochre-colored; the remainder covered with dark scales.

 

(Male)

May be distinguished by the little more plumose antennae, the unequal but unarmed claws of the 4 fore feet, by the sexual characters of the last segment,where there are yellow-colored pincers and abundant, long, yellow hairs, and by the sides of the abdomen being more pilose.

 

XXVIII – Sabethinus aurescens (Female)

Total length 4 to 5mm; of the proboscis, idem.

Proboscis – Idem.

Clypeus – Orange-ochre (a good differential character).

Frons with an intense white shine.

Palpi – Idem; only more golden on the lower side.

Antennae – Idem.

Occiput – Idem, the rose color prevailing.

Metathorax – Covered with shining, oboval scales, where the golden-green prevails; on the posterior part the scales are longer, prominent and of a pavonine golden-green color. Above the root of the wings there are frankly golden hairs; the hairs on the scutellum have a pronounced golden shine.

Pleura – Idem.

Metanotum – Almost black and hairs with golden shine.

Abdome – The hairs are light-golden colored and the scales, above, steel-blue over ochre background; on the remainder, it is covered with flat, imbricate scales with golden, bronze and copper shine; on the apical part there is a narrow band of metallic blue color; below the scales are longer; on the apical part of the segments there are some golden hairs; on segments 7, 8 and 9 there is, above, an apical tuft of dark-brown hairs; below, in part, golden ones.

Legs – Of a violet color above, below with bronzy shine; femora, below, golden colored; long scales on the femoro-tibial articulation; the last hind tarsus of a pale golden color, almost white; all the tibiae, especially the first, flattened from top to bottom, and dilated on the apical portion; the last three tarsi of the middle pair seem thickened, being covered with long and somewhat prominent scales, of a dark

violet color.29

Claws of the 4 fore feet unarmed, one being slightly larger; the hind ones similar and very short.

Wings – Idem, only the transverse vein c a little closer to the wing base.

 

(Male)

Differs by the slightly plumose antennae; the last segment with a stronger tuft and yellow pincers; by the ventral surface of the abdomen being more pilose; and by the shape of the claws and of

the middle pair of legs. 30

 

* Title given to a series of articles published by Adolpho Lutz, then director of the Bacteriological Institute of São Paulo, in Imprensa medica de São Paulo, 1905, v.13, n.2, p.26-9; n.3, p.48-52; n.4,p.65-70; n.5, p. 81-4; n.6, p.101-4; n.7, p.125-8; n.9, p.169-72; n.11, p.202-4; n.14, p.269-71; n.15, p.287-90; n.16; p.311-4; n.18, p.347-50. A footnote to the first article contains the following comment by the journal’s editors: “We owe to the generosity of the distinguished Brazilian entomologist Dr. Lutz the flattering preference given to our Journal for the publication of this important work, original and unique, the most complete ever made in Brazil.” Professor Nelson Papavero was responsible for the English translation that appears in this republication. [E.N.]

1 Beginning of second article. [E.N.]

2 The species described in the last number as Culex fluviatilis , is not a true Culex, but seems to belong to this genus, with the name Gualteria fluviatilis. [A.N.] Adolpho Lutz’s third article begins here. [E.N.]

3 This forest and bloodsucking species has been found in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas and São Paulo, up to a height of 1,500 metres and commonly in small numbers. I dedicate it to Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, now director of the Serviço Sanitário do Rio de Janeiro, from whom I have received the first specimen of this new specie. Walker’s Culex terrens, considered as Stegomyia by Theobald, may perhaps ingress in this genus, but cannot be equalled to our species. The genus Gualteria is dedicated to Major Walter Reed, to whom we owe in great part the evidence of transmision of the yellow fever by Stegomyia fasciata. Our species is sufficiently characterized by the shape of the scales of the occiput, thorax and wings and by the characters of the abdomen, but we still lack the male to have a complete definition. [A.N.]

4 Description was made from specimen collected at Ponte de Ipê Arcado, in the frontier of Goiás. [A.N.]

5 This species has been reared from larvae found in bamboo-water, at the Serra da Cantareira, near São Paulo. They are red-coloured, with a very thick, conical breathing-tube, and assume in the water an almost vertical position. The mosquito is extremely characteristic; it is the only species showing some similarity with Stegomyia fasciata, but the characters of the scales are very different. The genus Bancroftia, very aberrant, is characterized by the shape of the male palpi, by the length of the female palpi and characters of the occipital scales. I dedicate it to the well-known Australian researcher. [A.N.]

6 Adolpho Lutz’s fourth article begins here. [E.N.]

7 In the original text, in Portuguese, senseless phrase probably truncated in the typographic process (n.5, p.82, lines 10 to 15): “embaixo há no meio cintas basais claras, continuando-se dos lados em triângulos, cuja base apical, ficando entre estes e as manchas do lado dorsal uma estria preta, correndo diagonalmente da base ventral para o ápice e do ventre para o dorso”. [E.N.]

8 The description is based on specimens raised from larvae found in bamboo water collected at Serrada Cantareira, near São Paulo. It is a very characteristic and beautiful species.[A.N.]

9 This sylvan species abounds in the zone traversed by Tropic of Capricorn, from which derives thegeneric name. I haven’t seen Haemagogus cyaneus, but according to description, it is a similarmosquitoe, although belonging to a different genus and species. I am unaquainted with the male, butthe female’s characters suggest it must be placed near Stegoconops leucolemas. [A.N.]

10 Adolpho Lutz’s fifth article begins here. [E.N.]

11 This forest species has been found in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, especially at hills, upto an elevation of 1,500 metres. It shows affinities with Carrollia and Haemagogus. From Stegomyia, to which it is close, it can be distinguished mostly because of the shape of the abdomen. [A.N.]

12 This mosquito seems to be voracious of human blood. The description has been made on the basisof many specimens, in a general way badly-preserved, captured by Dr. Lindenberg at the Rio Amazonas,below Manaus. From the description, it looks like Verrallina nigricorpus Theo, which procedes fromthe same region, but which apparently cannot enter the genus Verrallina, there are, however, characters ofdistinct species. The genus Aedimus is characterized by the short palpi in both sexes, by the scales of theocciput being in part spindle-shaped, in part bifurcated, and by the spindle-shaped scales of thescutellum and the oboval scales of the wings. I suspect that both Verrallina nigricorpus Theo, and Aedeomya americana Neveu-Lemaire will have to enter this genus. [A.N.]

13 Adolpho Lutz’s sixth article begins here. [E.N.]

14 Adolpho Lutz’s seventh article begins here. [E.N.]

15 The description is based upon two specimens from Manaus, where the larvae were collected. It is a magnificent insect, not found in the states of Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, where only exists another, smaller, species. [A.N.]

16 This species is found in forests in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, sometimes with a great frequency. Larvae have been reared from eggs and also found in water inside bamboos. The species may be distinguished from nivipes by the position of the wings; from splendens for being smaller a much more slender and by the lack of white in the first foot. [A.N.]

17 The description is based on a single specimen, very damaged, which has been captured in the field. We publish this description, albeit faulty, because it deals with the first known male of this genus. [A.N.]

18 This beautiful species is the most frequent Sabethes in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro . It may be distinguished by the unicolorous legs, as well as by the oar-like appendix of the middle pair. It is a little smaller than the other species. [A.N.]

19 This name represents an abbreviation of Metanotumlepis (scale-covered metanotum, which characterizes the genus). Leucostigma: a dot, macroscopically visible, formed by scales covering the metanotum. [A.N.] Adolpho Lutz’s eighth article begins here. [E.N.]

20 This species has never been captured as an adult, but I have reared many specimens from larvae found in the submerged basis of cattail leaves (Typha, spec.), which seem to be their only habitat. [A.N.]

21 This species is very rare. I raised two males from larvae found in planks toghether with Menolepis leucostigma larvae. I have two more female specimens, one of which came from Ponte Ipê Arcado, in the frontier of Goiás. [A.N.]

22 Adolpho Lutz’s ninth article begins here. [E.N.]

23 We have reared this Dendromyia from larvae found in water of Bromeliaceae and which have been sent to us from Bahia by Bourroul, and we have prepared the description above. Theobald, who has received some specimens, has identified them as a Dendromyia from Jamaica, to which he had given the name medioalbipes , which we have accepted, appearing in Bourroul’s thesis and in Blanchard’s work “Les Moustiques”. In his description, which appeared only two years later, “The mosquitoes or Culicidae of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, 1905”, Theobald substituted the first name but that of mitchelli, in the text (and jamaicensis in the index). This description, with some minor differences, agrees with that of our species, although the distance from Bahia to Jamaica be sufficiently large to raise some doubt about their identity. We maintain the name medioalbipes, the first published, and give here our description, made in a totally independent way, and which, morever, was based on a larger number of specimens, including males, as Theobald observed only one female. [A.N.]

24 This species has been retreived, in Bahia and in São Paulo, from larvae captured by Bourroul in bromeliad’s water in the neighbourhood and in the city of Bahia.

25 Beginning of tenth article. [E.N.]

26 The description of Dendromyia personata in Bourroul’s thesis comprises two species: one maintains the name D. personata, the other has been separated under the name Prosopolepis confusus, and may be distinguished from the first, especially, by the scales of the clypeus; the other differences are less valuable and consist in: the lack of longitudinal striae on the thorax and the distribution of white scales on the feet, which in personata may still show wide variations. Prosopolepis seems to be slightly larger and was captured in forest near the capital. [A.N.]

27 Beginning of eleventh article. [E.N.]

28 This species may be distinguished by the white base of the proboscis, its length, by the thoracic striae and by the articular markings, which also contribute to the distinction of other species. It was reared from larvae in bromeliads at the Estação de Itaicy. [A.N.]

29 This species, being very close to Sabethinus intermedius, and in order to avoid useless repetitions, we will indicate identical points with the simple word: Idem. [A.N.]

30 O aurescens differs especially from intermedius by its general golden colour, distinct from the dark blue colour of intermedius, and moreover by the colour of the clypeus and of the hairs on the base of the wings.