21 Lições para o Século 21
Notas
PARTE I: O DESAFIO TECNOLÓGICO
1. DESILUSÃO: O FIM DA HISTÓRIA FOI ADIADO
1. Veja, por exemplo, o discurso inaugural de George W. Bush em 2005, em que ele diz: “Somos levados, pelos fatos e pelo senso comum, a uma conclusão: a sobrevivência da liberdade em nosso país depende cada vez mais do sucesso da liberdade em outros países. A melhor esperança pela paz em nosso mundo é a expansão da liberdade em todo o mundo”. “Bush Pledges to Spread Democracy” (CNN, 20 jan. 2005). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2005/ALLPOLITICS/01/20/bush.speech/>. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2018. Para Obama, veja, por exemplo, seu discurso para a ONU: Katie Reilly, “Read Barack Obama’s Final Speech to the United Nations as President” (Time, 20 set. 2016). Disponível em: <http://time.com/4501910/president-obama-united-nations-speech-transcript/>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
2. William Neikirk e David S. Cloud, “Clinton: Abuses Put China ‘On Wrong Side of History’” (Chicago Tribune, 30 out. 1997). Disponível em: <http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-10-30/news/9710300304_1_human-rights-jiang-zemin-chinese-leader>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
3. Eric Bradner, “Hillary Clinton’s Email Controversy, Explained” (CNN, 28 out. 2016). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/hillary-clinton-email-controversy-explained-2016/index.html>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
4. Chris Graham e Robert Midgley, “Mexico Border Wall: What is Donald Trump Planning, How Much Will It Cost and Who Will Pay for It?” (Telegraph, 23 ago. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/mexico-border-wall-donald-trump-planning-much-will-cost-will/>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017. Michael Schuman, “Is China Stealing Jobs? It May Be Losing Them, Instead” (New York Times, Nova York, 22 jul. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/23/business/international/china-jobs-donald-trump.html>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
5. Para vários exemplos do século XIX e início do século XX, veja: Evgeny Dobrenko e Eric Naiman (Orgs.), The Landscape of Stalinism: The Art and Ideology of Soviet Space (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003); W. L. Guttsman, Art for the Workers: Ideology and the Visual Arts in Weimar Germany (Nova York: Manchester University Press, 1997). Para uma discussão genérica, veja: Nicholas John Cull, Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2003).
6. Para esta interpretação, veja: Ishaan Tharoor, “Brexit: A Modern-Day Peasants’ Revolt?” (Washington Post, 25 jul. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/25/the-brexit-a-modern-day-peasants-revolt/?utm_term=.9b8e81bd5306>. Acesso em: 18 jun. 2018. John Curtice, “US Election 2016: The Trump-Brexit Voter Revolt” (BBC, 11 nov. 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37943072>. Acesso em: 18 jun. 2018.
7. O mais famoso continua a ser, é claro, O fim da história e o último homem, de Francis Fukuyama (Londres: Penguin, 1992).
8. Karen Dawisha, Putin’s Kleptocracy (Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 2014). Timothy Snyder, The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America (Nova York: Tim Duggan Books, 2018). Anne Garrels, Putin Country: A Journey Into the Real Russia (Nova York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2016). Steven Lee Myers, The New Tsar: The Rise and Reign of Vladimir Putin [O novo czar: A ascensão e o reinado de Vladimir Putin] (Nova York: Knopf Doubleday, 2016).
9. Credit Suisse, Global Wealth Report 2015. Disponível em: <https://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=F2425415-DCA7-80B8-EAD989AF9341D47E>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2018. Filip Novokmet, Thomas Piketty e Gabriel Zucman, “From Soviets to Oligarchs: Inequality and Property in Russia 1905-2016” (World Wealth and Income Database, jul. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/NPZ2017WIDworld.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2018. Shaun Walker, “Unequal Russia” (The Guardian, 25 abr. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/inequality/2017/apr/25/unequal-russia-is-anger-stirring-in-the-global-capital-of-inequality>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2018.
10. Ayelet Shani, “The Israelis Who Take Rebuilding the Third Temple Very Seriously” (Haaretz, Tel Aviv, 10 ago. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.805977>. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2018. “Israeli Minister: We Should Rebuild Jerusalem Temple” (Israel Today, 7 jul. 2013). Disponível em: <http://www.israeltoday.co.il/Default.aspx?tabid=178&nid=23964>. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2018. Yuri Yanover, “Dep. Minister Hotovely: The Solution Is Greater Israel without Gaza” (Jewish Press, 25 ago. 2013). Disponível em: <http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/dep-minister-hotovely-the-solution-is-greater-israel-without-gaza/2013/08/25/>. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2018. “Israeli Minister: The Bible Says West Bank Is Ours” (Al Jazeera, 24 fev. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2017/02/israeli-minister-bible-west-bank-170224082827910.html>. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2018.
11. Katie Reilly, “Read Barack Obama’s Final Speech to the United Nations as President” (Time, 20 set. 2016). Disponível em: <http://time.com/4501910/president-obama-united-nations-speech-transcript/>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
2. TRABALHO: QUANDO VOCÊ CRESCER, TALVEZ NÃO TENHA UM EMPREGO
1. Gregory R. Woirol, The Technological Unemployment and Structural Unemployment Debates (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1996, pp. 18-20); Amy Sue Bix, Inventing Ourselves out of Jobs? America’s Debate over Technological Unemployment, 1929-1981 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, pp. 1-8). Joel Mokyr, Chris Vickers e Nicolas L. Ziebarth, “The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?” (Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 33-42, 2015). Joe Mokyr, The gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002, pp. 255-7). David H. Autor, “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and the Future of Workplace Automation” (Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 3-30, 2015). Melanie Arntz, Terry Gregory e Ulrich Zierahn, “The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries” (OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, n. 189, 2016). Maria Cristina Piva e Marco Vivarelli, “Technological Change and Employment: Were Ricardo and Marx Right?” (iza Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper N. 10471, 2017).
2. Veja, por exemplo, a IA superando o homem: em condições de voo, e especialmente em simulações de combate aéreo: Nicholas Ernest et al., “Genetic Fuzzy Based Artificial Intelligence for Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Control in Simulated Air Combat Missions” (Journal of Defense Management, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 1-7, 2016); sobre tutoria inteligente e sistemas de ensino: Kurt VanLehn, “The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems” (Educational Psychologist, v. 46, n. 4, pp. 197-221, 2011); negociação algorítmica: Giuseppe Nuti et al., “Algorithmic Trading” (Computer, v. 44, n. 11, pp. 61-9, 2011); planejamento financeiro, gerência de portfólios etc.: Arash Baharammirzaee, “A Comparative Survey of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Finance: Artificial Neural Networks, Expert System and Hybrid Intelligent Systems” (Neural Computing and Applications, v. 19, n. 8, pp. 1165-95, 2010); análise de dados complexos em sistemas médicos e produção de diagnóstico e tratamento: Marjorie Glass Zauderer et al., “Piloting IBM Watson Oncology within Memorial Sloan Kettering’s Regional Network” (Journal of Clinical Oncology, v. 32, n. 15, e17653, 2014); criação de textos originais em linguagem natural a partir de maciça quantidade de dados: Jean-Sébastien Vayre et al., “Communication Mediated through Natural Language Generation in Big Data Environments: The Case of Nomao” (Journal of Computer and Communication, v. 5, pp. 125-48, 2017); reconhecimento facial: Florian Schroff, Dmitry Kalenichenko e James Philbin, “FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clustering” (ieee Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition — CVPR, pp. 815-23, 2015); direção de veículos: Cristiano Premebida, “A Lidar and Vision-based Approach for Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection and Tracking” (ieee Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, 2007).
3. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow [Rápido e devagar, duas formas de pensar] (Nova York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2011). Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational (Nova York: Harper, 2009). Brian D. Ripley, Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007). Christopher M. Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Nova York: Springer, 2007).
4. Seyed Azimi et al., “Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections” (sae International Journal of Passenger Cars — Mechanical Systems, v. 4, pp. 406-16, 2011). Swarun Kumar et al., “CarSpeak: A Content-Centric Network for Autonomous Driving” (sigcom Computer Communication Review, v. 42, pp. 259-70, 2012). Mihail L. Sichitiu and Maria Kihl, “Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey” (ieee Communications Surveys & Tutorials, p. 10, 2008). Mario Gerla, Eun-Kyu Lee e Giovanni Pau, “Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds” (ieee World Forum on Internet of Things — wf-iot, pp. 241-6, 2014).
5. David D. Luxton et al., “Health for Mental Health: Integrating Smartphone Technology in Behavioural Healthcare” (Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, v. 42, n. 6, pp. 505-12, 2011). Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Illhoi Yoo e Lincoln Sheets, “A Systematic Review of Healthcare Application for Smartphones” (bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making, v. 12, n. 1, p. 67, 2012). Karl Frederick Braekkan Payne, Heather Wharrad e Kim Watts, “Smartphone and Medical Related App Use among Medical Students and Junior Doctors in the United Kingdom (UK): A Regional Survey” (bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making, v. 12, n. 1, p. 121, 2012). Sandeep Kumar Vashist, E. Marion Schneider e John H. T. Loung, “Commercial Smartphone-Based Devices and Smart Applications for Personalised Healthcare Monitoring and Management” (Diagnostics, v. 4, n. 3, pp. 104-28, 2014). Maged N. Kamel Bouls et al., “How Smartphones Are Changing the Face of Mobile and Participatory Healthcare: An Overview, with Example from eCAALYX” (BioMedical Engineering OnLine, v. 10, n. 24, 2011. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-24>. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2017. Paul J. F. White, Blake W. Podaima e Marcia R. Friesen, “Algorithms for Smartphone and Tablet Image Analysis for Healthcare Applications” (ieee Access, v. 2, pp. 831-40, 2014).
6. World Health Organization, Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 (2016); “Estimates for 2000-2015, Cause-Specific Mortality”. Disponível em: <http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
7. Para uma pesquisa sobre a causa de acidentes automobilísticos nos Estados Unidos, veja: Daniel J. Fagnant e Kara Kockelman, “Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations” (Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, v. 77, pp. 167-81, 2015); para uma pesquisa em âmbito mundial, veja, por exemplo: OECD/ITF, Road Safety Annual Report 2016 (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2016). Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/irtad-2016-en>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
8. Kristofer D. Kusano e Hampton C. Gabler, “Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions” (ieee Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, v. 13, n. 4, pp. 1546-55, 2012); James M. Anderson et al., Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2014, esp. pp. 13-5); Daniel J. Fagnant e Kara Kockelman, “Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations” (Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, v. 77, pp. 167-81, 2015); Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Azim Shariff e IyadRahwan, “Autonomous Vehicles Need Experimental Ethics: Are We Ready for Utilitarian Cars?”, (arXiv, pp. 1-15, 2015). Para sugestões de redes interveiculares para evitar colisões, veja: Seyed R. Azimi et al., “Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections” (sae International Journal of Passenger Cars — Mechanical Systems, v. 4, n. 1, pp. 406-16, 2011); Swarun Kumar et al., “CarSpeak: A Content-Centric Network for Autonomous Driving” (sigcom Computer Communication Review, v. 42, n. 4, pp. 259-70, 2012); Mihail L. Sichitiu e Maria Kihl, “Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey” (ieee Communications Surveys & Tutorials, v. 10, n. 2, 2008); Mario Gerla et al., “Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds” (ieee World Forum on Internet of Things — wf-iot, pp. 241-6, 2014).
9. Michael Chui, James Manyika e Mehdi Miremadi, “Where Machines Could Replace Humans — and Where They Can’t (Yet)” (McKinsey Quarterly, 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/where-machines-could-replace-humans-and-where-they-cant-yet>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018.
10. Wu Youyou, Michal Kosinski e David Stillwell, “Computer-based Personality Judgments Are More Accurate Than Those Made by Humans” (PANS, v. 112, pp. 1036-8, 2014).
11. Stuart Dredge, “AI and Music: Will We Be Slaves to the Algorithm?” (The Guardian, Londres, 6 ago. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/06/artificial-intelligence-and-will-we-be-slaves-to-the-algorithm>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017. Para uma visão geral de métodos, veja: Jose David Fernández e Francisco Vico, “AI Methods in Algorithmic Composition: A Comprehensive Survey” (Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, v. 48, pp. 513-82, 2013).
12. Eric Topol, The Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine is in Your Hands (Nova York: Basic Books, 2015). Robert Wachter, The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age (Nova York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015). Simon Parkin, “The Artificially Intelligent Doctor Will Hear You Now” (mit Technology Review, 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600868/the-artificially-intelligent-doctor-will-hear-you-now/>. James Gallagher, “Artificial intelligence ‘As good As Cancer Doctors’” (BBC, Londres, 26 jan. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/health-38717928>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
13. Kate Brannen, “Air Force’s Lack of Drone Pilots Reaching ‘Crisis’ Levels” (Foreign Policy, 15 jan. 2015). Disponível em: <http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/01/15/air-forces-lack-of-drone-pilots-reaching-crisis-levels/>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
14. Tyler Cowen, Average is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation (Nova York: Dutton, 2013). Brad Bush, “How Combined Human and Computer Intelligence Will Redefine Jobs” (TechCrunch, 2016). Disponível em: <https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/01/how-combined-human-and-computer-intelligence-will-redefine-jobs/>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
15. Ulrich Raulff, Farewell to the Horse: The Final Century of Our Relationship (Londres: Allen Lane, 2017). Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008, p. 286). Margo DeMello, Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies (Nova York: Columbia University Press, 2012, p. 197). Clay McShane e Joel Tarr, “The Decline of the Urban Horse in American Cities” (Journal of Transport History, v. 24, n. 2, pp. 177-98, 2003).
16. Lawrence F. Katz e Alan B. Krueger, “The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995-2015” (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016). Peter H. Cappelli e J. R. Keller, “A Study of the Extent and Potential Causes of Alternative Employment Arrangements” (ilr Review, v. 66, n. 4, pp. 874-901, 2013). Gretchen M. Spreitzer, Lindsey Cameron e Lyndon Garrett, “Alternative Work Arrangements: Two Images of the New World of Work” (Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, v. 4, pp. 473-99, 2017). Sarah A. Donovan, David H. Bradley e Jon O. Shimabukuru, “What Does the Gig Economy Mean for Workers?” (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2016). Disponível em: <https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44365.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018. “More Workers Are in Alternative Employment Arrangements” (Pew Research Center, 28 set. 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-of-american-jobs/st_2016-10-06_jobs-26/>. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018.
17. David Ferrucci et al., “Watson: Beyond Jeopardy!” (Artificial Intelligence, v. 199-200, pp. 93-105, 2013).
18. “Google’s AlphaZero Destroys Stockfish in 100-Game Match” (Chess.com, 6 dez. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.chess.com/news/view/google-s-alphazero-destroys-stockfish-in-100-game-match>.
Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018. David Silver et al., “Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm” (arXiv, 2017). Disponível em: <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.01815.pdf>. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2018. Veja também Sarah Knapton, “Entire Human Chess Knowledge Learned and Surpassed by DeepMind’s AlphaZero in Four Hours” (Telegraph, 6 dez. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/12/06/entire-human-chess-knowledge-learned-surpassed-deepminds-alphazero/>. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018.
19. Cowen, Average is Over, op. cit.; Tyler Cowen, “What are Humans Still Good for? The Turning Point in Freestyle Chess May Be Approaching” (2013). Disponível em: <http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2013/11/what-are-humans-still-good-for-the-turning-point-in-freestyle-chess-may-be-approaching.html>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
20. Maddalaine Ansell, “Jobs for Life Are a Thing of the Past. Bring On Lifelong Learning” (The Guardian, 31 maio 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2016/may/31/jobs-for-life-are-a-thing-of-the-past-bring-on-lifelong-learning>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
21. Alex Williams, “Prozac Nation Is Now the United States of Xanax” (New York Times, 10 jun. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/ 10/style/anxiety-is-the-new-depression-xanax.html>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
22. Simon Rippon, “Imposing Options on People in Poverty: The Harm of a Live Donor Organ Market” (Journal of Medical Ethics, v. 40, pp. 145-50, 2014). I. Glenn Cohen, “Regulating the Organ Market: Normative Foundations for Market Regulation” (Law and Contemporary Problems, v. 77, 2014). Alexandra K. Glazier, “The Principles of Gift Law and the Regulation of Organ Donation” (Transplant International, v. 24, pp. 368-72, 2011). Megan McAndrews e Walter E. Block, “Legalizing Saving Lives: A Proposition for the Organ Market” (Insights to A Changing World Journal, pp. 1-17, 2015).
23. James J. Hughes, “A Strategic Opening for a Basic Income Guarantee in the Global Crisis Being Created by AI, Robots, Desktop Manufacturing and BioMedicine”. (Journal of Evolution & Technology, v. 24, pp. 45-61, 2014); Alan Cottey, “Technologies, Culture, Work, Basic Income and Maximum Income” (ai & Society, v. 29, pp. 249-57, 2014).
24. Jon Henley, “Finland Trials Basic Income for Unemployed” (The Guardian, 3 jan. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/03/finland-trials-basic-income-for-unemployed>.
Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018.
25. “Swiss Voters Reject Proposal to Give Basic Income to Every Adult and Child” (The Guardian, 5 jun. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/05/swiss-vote-give-basic-income-every-adult-child-marxist-dream>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
26. Isabel Hunter, “Crammed into Squalid Factories to Produce Clothes for the West on Just 20p a Day, the Children Forced to Work in Horrific Unregulated Workshops of Bangladesh” (Daily Mail, 1 dez. 2015). Disponível em: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3339578/Crammed-squalid-factories-produce-clothes-West-just-20p-day-children-forced-work-horrific-unregulated-workshops-Bangladesh.html>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017. Chris Walker e Morgan Hartley, “The Culture Shock of India’s Call Centers” (Forbes, 16 dez. 2012). Disponível em: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/morganhartley/2012/12/16/the-culture-shock-of-indias-call-centres/#17bb61d372f5>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017.
27. Klaus Schwab e Nicholas Davis, Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution (World Economic Forum, 2018, p. 54). Sobre estratégias de desenvolvimento a longo prazo, veja Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective [Chutando a escada: Desenvolvimento em perspectiva histórica] (Londres: Anthem Press, 2003).
28. Lauren Gambini, “Trump Pans Immigration Proposal as Bringing People from “Shithole Countries’” (The Guardian, 12 jan. 2018). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/11/trump-pans-immigration-proposal-as-bringing-people-from-shithole-countries>. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018.
29. Para a ideia de que uma melhora absoluta nas condições poderia vir junto com um aumento na desigualdade relativa, veja especialmente Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century [O capital no século xxi] (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013).
30. “2017 Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox Society in Israel” (Israel Democracy Institute e Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2017). Disponível em: <https://en.idi.org.il/articles/20439>. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2018. Melanie Lidman, “As Ultra-Orthodox Women Bring Home the Bacon, Don’t Say the F-Word” (Times of Israel, 1 jan. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-ultra-orthodox-women-bring-home-the-bacon-dont-say-the-f-word/>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017.
31. Melanie Lidman, “As Ultra-Orthodox Women Bring Home the Bacon, Don’t Say the F-Word” (Times of Israel, 1 jan. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-ultra-Orthodox-women-bring-home-the-bacon-dont-say-the-f-word/>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017. “Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox Society in Israel” (Israel Democracy Institute e Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, v. 18, 2016). Disponível em: <https://en.idi.org.il/media/4240/shnaton-e_8-9-16_web.pdf>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017. Quanto ao índice de felicidade, Israel foi recentemente classificado em 11o lugar entre 38 países pela oecd: “Life Satisfaction” (oecd Better Life Index). Disponível em: <http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/life-satisfaction/>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2017.
32. “2017 Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox Society in Israel” (Israel Democracy Institute e Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2017). Disponível em: <https://en.idi.org.il/articles/20439>. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2018.
3. LIBERDADE: BIG DATA ESTÁ VIGIANDO VOCÊ
1. Margaret Thatcher, “Interview for Woman’s Own (‘No Such Thing as Society’)” (Margaret Thatcher Foundation, 23 set. 1987). Disponível em: <https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106689>. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2018.
2. Keith Stanovich, Who Is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning (Nova York: Psychology Press, 1999).
3. Richard Dawkins, “Richard Dawkins: We Need a New Party — the European Party” (NewStatesman, 29 mar. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/03/richard-dawkins-we-need-new-party-european-party>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018.
4. Steven Swinford, “Boris Johnson’s Allies Accuse Michael Gove of ‘Systematic and Calculated Plot’ to Destroy his Leadership Hopes” (Telegraph, 30 jun. 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/30/boris-johnsons-allies-accuse-michael-gove-of-systematic-and-calc/>. Acesso em: 3 set. 2017. Rowena Mason e Heather Stewart, “Gove’s Thunderbolt and Boris’s Breaking Point: A Shocking Tory Morning” (The Guardian, 30 jun. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/30/goves-thunderbolt-boris-johnson-tory-morning>. Acesso em: 3 set. 2017.
5. James Tapsfield, “Gove Presents Himself as the Integrity Candidate for Downing Street Job but Sticks the Knife into Boris AGAIN” (Daily Mail, 1 jul. 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3669702/ I-m-not-great-heart-s-right-place-Gove-makes-bizarre-pitch-Downing-Street-admitting-no-charisma-doesn-t-really-want-job.html>. Acesso em: 3 set. 2017.
6. Em 2017, uma equipe de Stanford produziu um algoritmo capaz de detectar se você é hétero ou homossexual, com uma precisão de 91%, baseado unicamente na análise de algumas imagens de seu rosto (https://osf.io/zn79k/). No entanto, como o algoritmo foi desenvolvido com base em imagens que as pessoas escolhiam de si mesmas para colocar em sites de encontros, ele poderia na realidade estar detectando diferenças em ideais culturais. Não é que o rosto das pessoas gays seja necessariamente diferente do rosto de heterossexuais, e sim que os gays, ao colocar suas fotos num site para encontros entre gays, tentam estar de acordo com ideais culturais diferentes daqueles dos sites de encontros entre heterossexuais.
7. David Chan, “So Why Ask Me? Are Self-Report Data Really That Bad?”, in Charles E. Lance and Robert J. Vandenberg (Orgs.), Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends (Nova York; Londres: Routledge, 2009, pp. 309-36). Delroy L. Paulhus e SimineVazire, “The Self-Report Method”, in Richard W. Robins, R. Chris Farley e Robert F. Krueger (Orgs.), Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology (Londres; Nova York: The Guilford Press, 2007, pp. 228-33).
8. Elizabeth Dwoskin e Evelyn M. Rusli, “The Technology that Unmasks Your Hidden Emotions” (Wall Street Journal, 28 jan. 2015). Disponível em: <https://www.wsj.com/articles/startups-see-your-face-unmask-your-emotions-1422472398>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
9. Norberto Andrade, “Computers Are Getting Better Than Humans at Facial Recognition” (Atlantic, 9 jun. 2014). Disponível em: <https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/bad-news-computers-are-getting-better-than-we-are-at-facial-recognition/372377/>. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2017. Elizabeth Dwoskin e Evelyn M. Rusli, “The Technology That Unmasks Your Hidden Emotions” (Wall Street Journal, 28 jul. 2015). Disponível em: <https://www.wsj.com/articles/startups-see-your-face-unmask-your-emotions- 1422472398>. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2017. Sophie K. Scott et al., “The Social Life of Laughter” (Trends in Cognitive Sciences, v. 18, n. 12, pp. 618-20, 2014).
10. Daniel First, “Will Big Data Algorithms Dismantle the Foundations of Liberalism?” (ai & Soc, pp. 1-12, 2017). Disponível em: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-017-0733-4>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
11. Carole Cadwalladr, “Google, Democracy and the Truth about Internet Search” (The Guardian, 4 dez. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
12. Jeff Freak e Shannon Holloway, “How Not to Get to Straddie” (Red Land City Bulletin, 15 mar. 2012). Disponível em: <http://www.redlandcitybulletin.com.au/story/104929/how-not-to-get-to-straddie/>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018.
13. Michelle McQuigge, “Woman Follows GPS; Ends Up in Ontario Lake” (Toronto Sun, 13 maio 2016). Disponível em: <http://torontosun.com/2016/ 05/13/woman-follows-gps-ends-up-in-ontario-lake/wcm/fddda6d6-6b6e-41c7-88e8-aecc501faaa5>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018. “Woman Follows GPS into Lake” (News.com.au, 16 maio 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.news.com.au/technology/gadgets/woman-follows-gps-into-lake/news-story/a7d362dfc4634fd094651afc63f853a1>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018.
14. Henry Grabar, “Navigation Apps Are Killing Our Sense of Direction. What if They Could Help Us Remember Places Instead?” (Slate, 2018). Disponível em: <http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2017/07/10/google_and_waze_are_killing_out_sense_of_direction_what_if_they_could_help.html>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
15. Joel Delman, “Are Amazon, Netflix, Google Making Too Many Decisions For Us?” (Forbes, 24 nov. 2010). Disponível em: <https://www.forbes.com/2010/ 11/24/amazon-netflix-google-technology-cio-network-decisions.html>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017. Cecilia Mazanec, “Will Algorithms Erode Our Decision-Making Skills?” (NPR, 8 fev. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/02/08/514120713/will-algorithms-erode-our-decision-making-skills>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
16. Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Azim Shariff e IyadRawhan, “The Social Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles” (Science, v. 352, n. 6293, pp. 1573-6, 2016).
17. Christopher W. Bauman et al., “Revisiting External Validity: Concerns about Trolley Problems and Other Sacrificial Dilemmas in Moral Psychology” (Social and Personality Psychology Compass, v. 8, n. 9, pp. 536-54, 2014).
18. John M. Darley e Daniel C. Batson, “‘From Jerusalem to Jericho’: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior” (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 27, n. 1, pp.
100-8, 1973).
19. Kristofer D. Kusano e Hampton C. Gabler, “Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions” (ieee Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, v. 13, n. 4, pp. 1546-55, 2012). James M. Anderson et al., Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2014, esp. pp. 13-5). Daniel J. Fagnant e Kara Kockelman, “Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations” (Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, v. 77, pp. 167-81, 2015).
20. Tim Adams, “Job Hunting Is a Matter of Big Data, Not How You Perform at an Interview” (The Guardian, 10 maio 2014). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/10/job-hunting-big-data-interview-algorithms-employees>. Acesso em: 6 set. 2017.
21. Para uma discussão muito esclarecedora, veja Cathy O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy (Nova York: Crown, 2016). Esta é de fato uma leitura obrigatória para quem estiver interessado nos efeitos potenciais de algoritmos na sociedade e na política.
22. Bonnefon, Shariff e Rawhan, “Social Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles”.
23. Vincent C. Müller and Thomas W. Simpson, “Autonomous Killer Robots Are Probably Good News” (University of Oxford, Blavatnik School of Government Policy Memo, nov. 2014). Ronald Arkin, Governing Lethal Behaviour: Embedding Ethics in a Hybrid Deliberative/Reactive Robot Architecture (Georgia Institute of Technology, Mobile Robot Lab, pp. 1-13, 2007).
24. Bernd Greiner, War without Fronts: The usa in Vietnam, trad. Anne Wyburd e Victoria Fern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009, p. 16). Para pelo menos uma referência ao estado emocional dos soldados, veja: Herbert Kelman e V. Lee Hamilton, “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience”, in Jodi O’Brien e David M. Newman (Orgs.), Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life Reading (Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2010, pp. 13-25).
25. Robert J. Donia, Radovan Karadzic: Architect of the Bosnian Genocide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015). Veja também: Isabella Delpla, Xavier Bougarel e Jean-Louis Fournel, Investigating Srebrenica: Institutions, Facts, and responsibilities (Nova York; Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2012).
26. Noel E. Sharkey, “The Evitability of Autonomous Robot Warfare” (International Rev. Red Cross, v. 94, n. 886, pp. 787-99, 2012).
27. Ben Schiller, “Algorithms Control Our Lives: Are They Benevolent Rulers or Evil Dictators?” (Fast Company, 21 fev. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.fastcompany.com/3068167/algorithms-control-our-lives-are-they-benevolent-rulers-or-evil-dictators>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017.
28. Elia Zureik, David Lyon e Yasmeen Abu-Laban (Orgs.), Surveillance and Control in Israel/Palestine: Population, Territory and Power (Londres: Routledge, 2011). Elia Zureik, Israel’s Colonial Project in Palestine (Londres: Routledge, 2015). Torin Monahan (Org.), Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life (Londres: Routledge, 2006). Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, “E-Resistance and Technological In/Security in Everday Life: The Palestinian case”, British Journal of Criminology, v. 52, n. 1, pp. 55-72, 2012). Or Hirschauge e Hagar Sheizaf, “Targeted Prevention: Exposing the New System for Dealing with Individual Terrorism” (Haaretz, 26 maio 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.co.il/magazine/.premium-1.4124379>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017. Amos Harel, “The IDF Accelerates the Crisscrossing of the West Bank with Cameras and Plans to Surveille all Junctions” (Haaretz, 18 jun. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.4179886>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017. Neta Alexander, “This is How Israel Controls the Digital and Cellular Space in the Territories” (31 mar. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.co.il/magazine/.premium-MAGAZINE-1.2899665>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018. Amos Harel, “Israel Arrested Hundreds of Palestinians as Suspected Terrorists Due to Publications on the Internet” (Haaretz, 16 abr. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.4024578>. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2018. Alex Fishman, “The Argaman Era” (Yediot Aharonot, Weekend Supplement, v. 28, p. 6, abr. 2017).
29. Yotam Berger, “Police Arrested a Palestinian Based on an Erroneous Translation of ‘Good Morning’ in His Facebook Page” (Haaretz, 22 out. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.4528980>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018.
30. William Beik, Louis xiv and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford; St Martin’s, 2000).
31. O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction, op. cit.; Penny Crosman, “Can AI Be Programmed to Make Fair Lending Decisions?” (American Banker, 27 set. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.americanbanker.com/news/can-ai-be-programmed-to-make-fair-lending-decisions>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017.
32. Matt Reynolds, “Bias Test to Prevent Algorithms Discriminating Unfairly” (New Scientist, 29 maio 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23431195-300-bias-test-to-prevent-algorithms-discriminating-unfairly/>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017. Claire Cain Miller, “When Algorithms Discriminate” (New York Times, 9 jul. 2015). Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/upshot/when-algorithms-discriminate.html>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017. Hannah Devlin, “Discrimination by Algorithm: Scientists Devise Test to Detect AI Bias” (The Guardian, 19 dez. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/19/discrimination-by-algorithm-scientists-devise-test-to-detect-ai-bias>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017.
33. Snyder, The Road to Unfreedom, op. cit.
34. Anna Lisa Peterson, Being Animal: Beasts and Boundaries in Nature Ethics (Nova York: Columbia University Press, 2013, p. 100).
4. IGUALDADE: OS DONOS DOS DADOS SÃO OS DONOS DO FUTURO
1. “Richest 1 Percent Bagged 82 Percent of Wealth Created Last Year — Poorest Half of Humanity Got Nothing” (Oxfam, 22 jan. 2018). Disponível em: <https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2018-01-22/richest-1-percent-bagged-82-percent-wealth-created-last-year>. Acesso em: 28 fev. 2018. Josh Lowe, “The 1 Percent Now Have Half the World’s Wealth” (Newsweek, 14 nov. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.newsweek.com/1-wealth-money-half-world-global-710714>. Acesso em: 28 fev. 2018. Adam Withnall, “All the World’s Most Unequal Countries Revealed in One Chart”, Independent, 23 nov. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/credit-suisse-global-wealth-world-most-unequal-countries-revealed-a7434431.html>. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2018.
2. Tim Wu, The Attention Merchants (Nova York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016).
3. Cara McGoogan, “How to See All the Terrifying Things Google Knows about You’, Telegraph, 18 ago. 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/see-terrifying-things-google-knows/>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017. Caitlin Dewey, “Everything Google Knows about You (and How It Knows It)”, Washington Post, 19 de nov. 2014. Disponível em: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/11/19/everything-google-knows-about-you-and-how-it-knows-it/? utm_term=.b81c3ce3ddd6>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017.
4. Dan Bates, “YouTube Is Losing Money Even Though It Has More Than 1 Billion Viewers’, Daily Mail, 26 fev. 2015, Disponível em: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2970777/YouTube-roughly-breaking-nine-years-purchased-Google-billion-viewers.html>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017; Olivia Solon, “Google’s Bad Week: YouTube Loses Millions As Advertising Row Reaches US”, Guardian, 25 mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/25/google-youtube-advertising-extremist-content-att-verizon>. Acesso em: 19 de out. 2017; Seth Fiegerman, “Twitter Is Now Losing Users in the US”, CNN, 27 jul. 2017. Disponível em: <http://money.cnn.com/2017/07/27/technology/business/twitter-earnings/index.html>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017.
PARTE II: O DESAFIO POLÍTICO
5. COMUNIDADE: OS HUMANOS TÊM CORPOS
1. Mark Zuckerberg, “Building Global Community” (Facebook, 16 fev. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10154544292806634/>. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2017.
2. John Shinal, “Mark Zuckerberg: Facebook Can Play a Role that Churches and Little League once Filled” (CNBC, 26 jun. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/26/mark-zuckerberg-compares-facebook-to-church-little-league.html>. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2017.
3. Disponível em: <http://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/26/mark-zuckerberg-compares-facebook-to-church-little-league.html>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/22/facebook-has-a-new-mission-following-fake-news-crisis-zuckerberg-says.html>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
4. Robin Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).
5. Veja, por exemplo, Pankaj Mishra, Age of Anger: A History of the Present (Londres: Penguin, 2017).
6. Para uma visão geral e crítica, veja: Derek Y. Darves e Michael C. Dreiling, Agents of Neoliberal Globalization: Corporate Networks, State Structures and Trade Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).
7. Lisa Eadicicco, “Americans Check Their Phones 8 Billion Times a Day” (Time, 15 dez. 2015). Disponível em: <http://time.com/4147614/smartphone-usage-us-2015/>. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2017. Julie Beck, “Ignoring People for Phones is the New Normal” (Atlantic, 14 jun. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/ignoring-people-for-phones-is-the-new-normal-phubbing-study/486845/>. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2017.
8. Zuckerberg, “Building Global Community”, op. cit.
9. Time Well Spent. Disponível em: <http://www.timewellspent.io/>. Acesso em: 3 set. 2017.
10. Zuckerberg, “Building Global Community”, op. cit.
11. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/04/facebook-uk-corporation-tax-profit>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/sep/21/tech-firms-tax-eu-turnover-google-amazon-apple>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.wired.co.uk/article/facebook-apple-tax-loopholes-deals>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
6. CIVILIZAÇÃO: SÓ EXISTE UMA CIVILIZAÇÃO NO MUNDO
1. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). David Lauter e Brian Bennett, “Trump Frames Anti-Terrorism Fight As a Clash of Civilizations, Defending Western Culture against Enemies” (Los Angeles Times, 6 jul. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-clash-20170706-story.html>. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2018. Naomi O’Leary, “The Man Who Invented Trumpism: Geery Wilders’ Radical Path to the Pinnacle of Dutch Politics” (Politico, 23 fev. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.politico.eu/article/the-man-who-invented-trumpism-geert-wilders-netherlands-pvv-vvd-populist/>. Acesso em: 31 jan. 2018.
2. Pankaj Mishra, From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia (Londres: Penguin, 2013); Mishra, Age of Anger, op. cit.; Christopher de Bellaigue, The Muslim Enlightenment: The Modern Struggle between Faith and Reason (Londres: The Bodley Head, 2017).
3. “Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” (European Union, 2005). Disponível em: <https://europa.eu/european-
union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_establishing_a_constitution_for_europe_en.pdf>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017.
4. Phoebe Greenwood, “Jerusalem Mayor Battles Ultra-Orthodox Groups over Women-Free Billboards” (The Guardian, 15 nov. 2011). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/15/jerusalem-mayor-battle-orthodox-billboards>. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2018
5. Disponível em: <http://nypost.com/2015/10/01/orthodox-publications-wont-show-hillary-clintons-photo/>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
6. Simon Schama, The Story of the Jews: Finding the Words 1000 BC — 1492 AD (Nova York: Ecco, 2014, pp. 190-7). Hannah Wortzman, “Jewish Women in Ancient Synagogues: Archaeological Reality vs. Rabbinical Legislation” (Women in Judaism, v. 5, n. 2, 2008). Disponível em: <http://wjudaism.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/wjudaism/article/view/3537>. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2018. Ross S. Kraemer, “Jewish Women in the Diaspora World of Late Antiquity”, in Judith R. Baskin (Org.), Jewish Women in Historical Perspective (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991, esp. p. 49). Hachlili Rachel, Ancient Synagogues — Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research (Leiden: Brill, 2014, pp. 578-81); Zeev Weiss, “The Sepphoris Synagogue Mosaic: Abraham, the Temple and the Sun God — They’re All in There” (Biblical Archeology Society, v. 26, n. 5, pp. 48-61, 2000); David Milson, Art and Architecture of the Synagogue in Late Antique Palestine (Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 48).
7. Ivan Watson e Pamela Boykoff, “World’s Largest Muslim Group Denounces Islamist Extremism” (CNN, 10 maio 2016). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/10/asia/indonesia-extremism/index.html>. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2018. Lauren Markoe, “Muslim Scholars Release Open Letter To Islamic State Meticulously Blasting Its Ideology” (Huffington Post, 25 set. 2014). Disponível em: <https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/muslim-scholars-islamic-state_n_5878038.html>. Acesso
em: 8 jan. 2018. Para a carta, veja: “Open Letter to Al-Baghdadi”. Disponível em: <http://www.lettertobaghdadi.com/>. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2018.
8. Chris Perez, “Obama Defends the ‘True Peaceful Nature of Islam’” (New York Post, 18 fev. 2015). Disponível em: <http://nypost.com/2015/02/18/obama-defends-the-true-peaceful-nature-of-islam/>. Acesso em: 17 out. 2017. Dave Boyer, “Obama Says Terrorists Not Motivated By True Islam” (Washington Times, 1 fev. 2015). Disponível em: <http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/1/obama-says-terrorists-not-motivated-true-islam/>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017.
9. De Bellaigue, The Islamic Enlightenment, op. cit.
10. Christopher McIntosh, The Swan King: Ludwig ii of Bavaria (Londres: I. B. Tauris, 2012, p. 100).
11. Robert Mitchell Stern, Globalization and International Trade Policies (Hackensack: World Scientific, 2009, p. 23).
12. John K. Thornton, A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250-1820 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 110).
13. Susannah Cullinane, Hamdi Alkhshali e Mohammed Tawfeeq, “Tracking a Trail of Historical Obliteration: ISIS Trumpets Destruction of Nimrud” (CNN, 14 abr. 2015). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/09/world/iraq-isis-heritage/index.html>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017.
14. Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001, pp. 36-8).
15. “ISIS Leader Calls for Muslims to Help Build Islamic State in Iraq” (CBCNEWS, 1 jul. 2014). Disponível em: <http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/isis-leader-calls-for-muslims-to-help-build-islamic-state-in-iraq-
1.2693353>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017. Mark Townsend, “What Happened to the British Medics Who Went to Work for ISIS?” (The Guardian, 12 jul. 2015). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/12/british-medics-isis-turkey-islamic-state>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017.
7. NACIONALISMO: PROBLEMAS GLOBAIS EXIGEM RESPOSTAS GLOBAIS
1. Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy (Nova York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2014).
2. Ashley Killough, “Lyndon Johnson’s ‘Daisy’ Ad, Which Changed the World of Politics, Turns 50” (CNN, 8 set. 2014). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/07/politics/daisy-ad-turns-50/index.html>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017.
3. “Cause-Specific Mortality: Estimates for 2000-2015” (Organização Mundial de Saúde, 2015). Disponível em: <http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017.
4. David E. Sanger e William J. Broad, “To Counter Russia, US Signals Nuclear Arms Are Back in a Big Way” (New York Times, 4 fev. 2018). Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/us/politics/trump-nuclear-russia.html>. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2018. Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos, “Nuclear Posture Review 2018”. Disponível em: <https://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/0218_npr/>. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2018. Jennifer Hansler, “Trump Says He Wants Nuclear Arsenal in ‘Tip-Top Shape’, Denies Desire to Increase Stockpile” (CNN, 12 out. 2017). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2017/ 10/11/politics/nuclear-arsenal-trump/index.html>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017. Jim Garamone, “DoD Official: National Defense Strategy Will Enhance Deterrence” (Department of Defense News, Defense Media Activity, 19 jan. 2018). Disponível em: <https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1419045/dod-official-national-defense-strategy-will-rebuild-dominance-enhance-deterrence/>. Acesso em: 28 jan. 2018.
5. Michael Mandelbaum, Mission Failure: America and the World in the Post-Cold War Era (Nova York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
6. Elizabeth Kolbert, Field Notes from a Catastrophe (Londres: Bloomsbury, 2006); Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History (Londres: Bloomsbury, 2014); Will Steffen et al., “Planetary Boundaries: Guiding Human Development on a Changing Planet” (Science, v. 347, n. 6223, 13 fev. 2015). DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855.
7. John Cook et al., “Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature” (Environmental Research Letters, v. 8, n. 2, 2013). John Cook et al., “Consensus on Consensus: A Synthesis of Consensus Estimates on Human-Caused Global Warming” (Environmental Research Letters, v. 11, n. 4, 2016). Andrew Griffin, “15,000 Scientists Give Catastrophic Warning about the Fate of the World in New ‘Letter to Humanity’” (Independent, 13 nov. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/letter-to-humanity-warning-climate-change-global-warming-scientists-union-concerned-a8052481.html>. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2018. Justin Worland, “Climate Change Is Already Wreaking Havoc on Our Weather, Scientists Find” (Time, 15 dez. 2017). Disponível em: <http://time.com/5064577/climate-change-arctic/>. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2018.
8. Richard J. Millar et al., “Emission Budgets and Pathways Consistent with Limiting Warming to 1.5 C” (Nature Geoscience, v. 10, pp. 741-7, 2017). Joeri Rogelj et al., “Differences between Carbon Budget Estimates Unraveled” (Nature Climate Change, v. 6, pp. 245-52, 2016). Akshat Rathi, “Did We Just Buy Decades More Time to Hit Climate Goals” (Quartz, 21 set. 2017). Disponível em: <https://qz.com/1080883/the-breathtaking-new-climate-change-study-hasnt-changed-the-urgency-with-which-we-must-reduce-emissions/>. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018. Roz Pidcock, “Carbon Briefing: Making Sense of the IPCC’s New Carbon Budget” (Carbon Brief, 23 out. 2013). Disponível em: <https://www.carbonbrief.org/carbon-briefing-making-sense-of-the-ipccs-new-carbon-budget>. Acesso
em: 11 fev. 2018.
9. Jianping Huang et al., “Accelerated Dryland Expansion under Climate Change” (Nature Climate Change, v. 6, pp. 166-71, 2016). Thomas R. Knutson, “Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change” (Nature Geoscience, v. 3, pp. 157-63, 2010). Edward Hanna et al., “Ice-Sheet Mass Balance and Climate Change” (Nature, v. 498, pp. 51-9, 2013). Tim Wheeler e Joachim von Braun, “Climate Change Impacts on Global Food Security” (Science, v. 341, n. 6145, pp. 508-13, 2013). A. J. Challinor et al., “A Meta-Analysis of Crop Yield under Climate Change and Adaptation” (Nature Climate Change, v. 4, pp. 287-91, 2014). Elisabeth Lingren et al., “Monitoring EU Emerging Infectious Disease Risk Due to Climate Change” (Science, v. 336, n. 6080, pp. 418-9, 2012. Frank Biermann e Ingrid Boas, “Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Change” (Global Environmental Politics, v. 10, n. 1, pp. 60-88, 2010). Jeff Goodell, The Water Will Come: Rising Seas, Sinking Cities and the Remaking of the Civilized World (Nova York: Little, Brown and Company, 2017). Mark Lynas, Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet (Washington: National Geographic, 2008). Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. Climate (Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 2014). Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction, op. cit.
10. Johan Rockström et al., “A Roadmap for Rapid Decarbonization” (Science, v. 355, n. 6331, 23 mar. 2017). DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3443.
11. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Global Food: Waste Not, Want Not (Londres: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2013, p. 12).
12. Paul Shapiro, Clean Meat: How Growing Meat Without Animals Will Revolutionize Dinner and the World (Nova York: Gallery Books, 2018).
13. “Russia’s Putin Says Climate Change in Arctic Good for Economy” (CBS News, 30 mar. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/russia-putin-climate-change-beneficial-economy-1.4048430>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018. Neela Banerjee, “Russia and the US Could be Partners in Climate Change Inaction” (Inside Climate News, 7 fev. 2017). Disponível em: <https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06022017/russia-vladimir-putin-donald-trump-climate-change-paris-climate-agreement>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018. Noah Smith, “Russia Wins in a Retreat on Climate Change” (Bloomberg View, 15 dez. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-12-15/russia-wins-in-a-retreat-on-climate-change>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018. Gregg Easterbrook, “Global Warming: Who Loses — and Who Wins?” (Atlantic, abr. 2007). Disponível em: <https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/04/global-warming-who-loses-and-who-wins/305698/>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018. Quentin Buckholz, “Russia and Climate Change: A Looming Threat” (Diplomat, 4 fev. 2016). Disponível em: <https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/russia-and-climate-change-a-looming-threat/>. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2018.
14. Brian Eckhouse, Ari Natter e Christopher Martin, “President Trump Slaps Tariffs on Solar Panels in Major Blow to Renewable Energy” (22 jan. 2018). Disponível em: <http://time.com/5113472/donald-trump-solar-panel-tariff/>. Acesso em: 30 jan. 2018.
15. Miranda Green e Rene Marsh, “Trump Administration Doesn’t Want to Talk about Climate Change” (CNN, 13 set. 2017). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/12/politics/trump-climate-change-silence/index.html>. Acesso em: 22 out. 2017. Lydia Smith, “Trump Administration Deletes Mention of ‘Climate Change’ from Environmental Protection Agency’s Website” (Independent, 22 out. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-administration-climate-change-deleted-environmental-protection-agency-website-a8012581.html>. Acesso em: 22 out. 2017. Alana Abramson, “No, Trump Still Hasn’t Changed His Mind About Climate Change After Hurricane Irma and Harvey” (Time, 11 set. 2017). Disponível em: <http://time.com/4936507/donald-trump-climate-change-hurricane-irma-hurricane-harvey/>. Acesso em: 22 out. 2017.
16. “Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” (European Communities, 2005). Disponível em: <https://europa.eu/european-
union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_establishing_a_constitution_for_europe_en.pdf>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
8. RELIGIÃO: DEUS AGORA SERVE À NAÇÃO
1. Bernard S. Cohn, Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996, p. 148).
2. “Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’ of the Holy Father Francis on Care for Our Common Home” (The Holy See). Disponível em: <http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
3. Introduzido pela primeira vez por Freud em seu tratado de 1930, O mal-estar na civilização: Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its discontents, trad. de James Strachey (Nova York: W. W. Norton, 1961, p. 61).
4. Ian Buruma, Inventing Japan, 1853-1964 (Nova York: Modern Library, 2003).
5. Robert Axell, Kamikaze: Japan’s Suicide Gods (Londres: Longman, 2002).
6. Charles K. Armstrong, “Familism, Socialism and Political Religion in North Korea” (Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, v. 6, n. 3, pp. 383-94, 2005). Daniel Byman e Jennifer Lind, “Pyongyang’s Survival Strategy: Tools of Authoritarian Control in North Korea” (International Security, v. 35, n. 1, pp. 44-74, 2010). Paul French, North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula, 2. ed. (Londres: Nova York: Zed Books, 2007). Andrei Lankov, The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015). Young Whan Kihl, “Staying Power of the Socialist ‘Hermit Kingdom’”, in Hong Nack Kim e Young WhanKihl (Orgs.), North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival (Nova York: Routledge, 2006, pp. 3-36).
9. IMIGRAÇÃO: ALGUMAS CULTURAS TALVEZ SEJAM MELHORES QUE OUTRAS
1. “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2016” (UNHCR, 2016). Disponível em: <http://www.unhcr.org/5943e8a34.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 jan. 2018.
2. Lauren Gambini, “Trump Pans Immigration Proposal as Bringing People from ‘Shithole Countries’” (The Guardian, 12 jan. 2018). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/11/trump-pans-immigration-proposal-as-bringing-people-from-shithole-countries>. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2018.
3. Tal Kopan, “What Donald Trump Has Said about Mexico and Vice Versa” (CNN, 31 ago. 2016). Disponível em: <https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/31/politics/donald-trump-mexico-statements/index.html>. Acesso em: 28 fev. 2018.
PARTE III: DESESPERO E ESPERANÇA
10. TERRORISMO: NÃO ENTRE EM PÂNICO
1. Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/many-people-killed-terrorist-attacks-uk/>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) (2016), Global Terrorism Database [Arquivo de dados]. Disponível em: <https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/susan-jones/11774-number-terror-attacks-worldwide-dropped-13-2015>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.datagraver.com/case/people-killed-by-terrorism-per-year-in-western-europe-1970-2015>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/statistics-on-incidents-of-terrorism-worldwide>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Gary LaFree, Laura Dugan e Erin Miller, Putting Terrorism in Context: Lessons from the Global Terrorism Database (Londres: Routledge, 2015). Gary LaFree, “Using Open Source Data to Counter Common Myths about Terrorism”, in Brian Forst, Jack Greene e Jim Lynch (Orgs.), Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 411-42). Gary LaFree, “The Global Terrorism Database: Accomplishments and Challenges” (Perspectives on Terrorism, v. 4, pp. 24-46, 2010). Gary LaFree e Laura Dugan, “Research on Terrorism and Countering Terrorism”, in M. Tonry (Org.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009, pp. 413-77). Gary LaFree e Laura Dugan, “Introducing the Global Terrorism Database” (Political Violence and Terrorism, v. 19, pp. 181-204, 2007).
2. “Deaths on the Roads: Based on the WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015” (Organização Mundial de Saúde). Disponível em: <https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html>. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2016. “Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013”, (Organização Mundial de Saúde). Disponível em: <http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/road_safety/road_traffic_deaths/atlas.html>. Acesso
em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/en>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.newsweek.com/2015-brought-biggest-us-traffic-death-increase-50-years-427759>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
3. Disponível em: <http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/diabetes/data-and-statistics>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/27/more-than-million-died-due-air-pollution-china-one-year>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
4. Para a batalha, veja Gary Sheffield, Forgotten Victory: The First World War. Myths and Reality (Londres: Headline, 2001, pp. 137-64).
5. “Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000” (Ministério do Exterior de Israel). Disponível em: <http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Palestinian/Pages/Victims%20of%20Palestinian%20Violence%20and%20Terrorism%20sinc.aspx>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
6. “Car Accidents with Casualties, 2002”, em hebraico (Escritório Central de Estatística). Disponível em: <http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/acci02/acci02h.pdf>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
7. “Pan Am Flight 103 Fast Facts” (CNN, 16 dez. 2016). Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/26/world/pan-am-flight-103-fast-facts/index.html>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
8. Tom Templeton e Tom Lumley, “9/11 in Numbers” (The Guardian, 18 ago. 2002). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/18/usa.terrorism>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
9. Ian Westwell e Dennis Cove (Orgs.), History of World War I, v. 2 (Nova York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002, p. 431). Para Isonzo, veja John R. Schindler, Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War (Westport: Praeger, 2001, pp. 217-8).
10. Sergio Catignani, Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army (Londres: Routledge, 2008).
11. “Reported Rapes in France Jump 18% in Five Years” (France 24, 11 ago. 2015). Disponível em: <http://www.france24.com/en/20150811-reported-rapes-france-jump-18-five-years>. Acesso em: 11 jan. 2018.
11. GUERRA: NUNCA SUBESTIME A ESTUPIDEZ HUMANA
1. Yuval Noah Harari, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow [Homo Deus: uma breve história do amanhã] (Nova York: HarperCollins, 2017, pp. 14-9). “Global Health Observatory Data Repository, 2012” (Organização Mundial de Saúde). Disponível em: <http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.RCOWORLD? lang=en>. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2015. “Global Study on Homicide, 2013” (UNDOC). Disponível em: <http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_global_homicide_book_web.pdf>. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html>.
2. “World Military Spending: Increases in the USA and Europe, Decreases in Oil-Exporting Countries” (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 24 abr. 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2017/world-military-spending-increases-usa-and-europe>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
3. Disponível em: <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/egypt/popup/telel4.htm>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
4. Spencer C. Tucker (Org.), The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social and Military History (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2013, p. 131).
5. Ivana Kottasova, “Putin Meets Xi: Two Economies, Only One to Envy” (CNN, 2 jul. 2017). Disponível em: <http://money.cnn.com/2017/07/02/news/economy/china-russia-putin-xi-meeting/index.html>. Acesso em: 23 out. 2017.
6. PIB segundo estatísticas do FMI, calculado com base na paridade do poder aquisitivo: Fundo Monetário Internacional, “Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, 2017”. Disponível em: <https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/ 2017/02/weodata/index.aspx>. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2018.
7. Disponível em: <http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-making-50-million-a-month-from-oil-sales-2015-10>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
8. Ian Buruma, Inventing Japan (Londres: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003); EriHotta, Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy (Londres: Vintage, 2014).
12. HUMILDADE: VOCÊ NÃO É O CENTRO DO MUNDO
1. Disponível em: <http://www.ancientpages.com/2015/10/19/10-remarkable-ancient-indian-sages-familiar-with-advanced-technology-science-long-before-modern-era/>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/31.html>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018. Disponível em: <http://mcknowledge.info/about-vedas/what-is-vedic-science/>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
2. Estes números e a proporção entre eles podem ser vistos claramente no diagrama disponível em: Conrad Conrad Hackett e David McClendon, “Christians Remain World’s Largest Religious Group, but They Are Declining in Europe” (Pew Research Center, v. 5, abr. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/05/christians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe/>. Acesso em: 13 nov. 2017.
3. Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (Nova York: Pantheon, 2012); Joshua Greene, Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them (Nova York: Penguin, 2013).
4. Marc Bekoff e Jessica Pierce, “Wild Justice — Honor and Fairness among Beasts at Play” (American Journal of Play, v. 1, n. 4, pp. 451-75, 2009).
5. Frans de Waal, Our Inner Ape (Londres: Granta, 2005, cap. 5).
6. Frans de Waal, Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997, p. 157).
7. A história tornou-se o tema de um documentário intitulado Chimpanzee, lançado em 2010 pela Disneynature.
8. M. E. J. Richardson, Hammurabi’s Laws (Londres, Nova York: T&T Clark International, 2000, pp. 29-31).
9. Loren R. Fisher, The Eloquent Peasant, 2. ed. (Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015).
10. Alguns rabinos permitiam a profanação do Shabat para salvar um gentio, com base na típica engenhosidade do Talmude. Eles alegavam que se judeus se abstivessem de salvar gentios isso enraiveceria os gentios e faria com que atacassem e matassem judeus. Assim, ao salvar um gentio poderia se estar salvando indiretamente um judeu. Mas até mesmo esta alegação destaca como se atribuíam valores diferentes para a vida de gentios e de judeus.
11. Catherine Nixey, The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World (Londres: Macmillan, 2017).
12. Charles Allen, Ashoka: The Search for India’s Lost Emperor (Londres: Little, Brown, 2012, p. 412-3).
13. Clyde Pharr. (Org.), The Theodosian Code and Novels, and the Sirmondian Constitutions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952, pp. 440, 467-71).
14. Ibid., esp. pp. 472-3.
15. Sofie Remijsen, The End of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 45-51).
16. Ruth Schuster, “Why Do Jews Win So Many Nobels?” (Haaretz, 9 out. 2013). Disponível em: <https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.551520>. Acesso em: 13 nov. 2017.
13. DEUS: NÃO TOMARÁS O NOME DE DEUS EM VÃO
1. Lillian Faderman, The Gay Revolution: The Story of the Struggle (Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 2015).
2. Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (Nova York: Oxford University Press, 1985).
14. SECULARISMO: TENHA CONSCIÊNCIA DE SUA SOMBRA
1. Jonathan H. Turner, Incest: Origins of the Taboo (Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2005). Robert J. Kelly et al., “Effects of Mother-Son Incest and Positive Perceptions of Sexual Abuse Experiences on the Psychosocial Adjustment of Clinic-Referred Men” (Child Abuse & Neglect, v. 26, n. 4, pp. 425-41, 2002). Mireille Cyr et al., “Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse: Brother-Sister Incest Does Not Differ From Father-Daughter and Stepfather-Stepdaughter Incest” (Child Abuse & Neglect, v. 26, n. 9, pp. 957-73, 2002). Sandra S. Stroebel, “Father-Daughter Incest: Data from an Anonymous Computerized Survey” (Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, v. 21, n. 2, pp. 176-99, 2010).
PARTE IV: VERDADE
15. IGNORÂNCIA: VOCÊ SABE MENOS DO QUE PENSA QUE SABE
1. Steven A. Sloman e Philip Fernbach, The Knowledge Illusion: Why We Never Think Alone (Nova York: Riverhead Books, 2017); Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit.
2. Sloman e Fernbach, The Knowledge Illusion, op. cit., p. 20.
3. Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble (Londres: Penguin, 2012); Greene, Moral tribes, op. cit.
4. Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit.; Dan M. Kahan, “The Polarizing Impact of Science Literacy and Numeracy on Perceived Climate Change Risks” (Nature Climate Change, v. 2, pp. 732-5, 2012). Mas para uma visão oposta, veja Sophie Guy et al., “Investigating the Effects of Knowledge and Ideology on Climate Change Beliefs” (European Journal of Social Psychology, v. 44, n. 5, pp. 421-9, 2014).
5. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (Nova York: The New Press, 2016).
16. JUSTIÇA: NOSSO SENSO DE JUSTIÇA PODE ESTAR DESATUALIZADO
1. Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit.; Robert Wright, The Moral Animal (Nova York: Pantheon, 1994).
2. Kelsey Timmerman, Where Am I Wearing?: A Global Tour of the Countries, Factories, and People That Make Our Clothes (Hoboken: Wiley, 2012); Kelsey Timmerman, Where Am I Eating?: An Adventure Through the Global Food Economy (Hoboken: Wiley, 2013).
3. Reni Eddo-Lodge, Why I Am No Longer Talking to White People About Race (Londres: Bloomsbury, 2017); Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me (Melbourne: Text Publishing Company, 2015).
4. Josie Ensor, “‘Everyone in Syria Is Bad Now”, Says UN War Crimes Prosecutor as She Quits Post” (New York Times, 17 ago. 2017). Disponível em: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/07/everyone-syria-bad-now-says-un-war-crimes-prosecutor-quits-post/>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017.
5. Para um exemplo, Helena Smith, “Shocking Images of Drowned Syrian Boy Show Tragic Plight of Refugees” (The Guardian, 2 set. 2015). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/02/shocking-image-of-drowned-syrian-boy-shows-tragic-plight-of-refugees>. Acesso em: 18 out. 2017.
6. T. Kogut e I. Ritov, “The Singularity Effect of Identified Victims in Separate and Joint Evaluations” (Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 97, n. 2, pp. 106-16, 2005). D. A. Small e G. Loewenstein, “Helping a Victim or Helping the Victim: Altruism and Identifiability” (Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, v. 26, n. 1, pp. 5-16, 2003). Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit., 264.
7. Russ Alan Prince, “Who Rules the World?” (Forbes, 22 jul. 2013). Disponível em: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/russalanprince/2013/07/22/who-rules-the-world/#63c9e31d7625>. Acesso
em: 18 out. 2017.
17. PÓS-VERDADE: ALGUMAS FAKE NEWS DURAM PARA SEMPRE
1. Julian Borger, “Putin Offers Ukraine Olive Branches Delivered by Russian Tanks’ (The Guardian, 4 mar. 2014). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/04/putin-ukraine-olive-branches-russian-tanks>. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2018.
2. Serhii Plokhy, Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation (Nova York: Basic Books, 2017); Snyder, The Road to Unfreedom, op. cit.
3. Matthew Paris, Matthew Paris’ English History, trad. J. A. Gyles, vol. 3 (Londres: Henry G. Bohn, 1854, pp. 138-41). Patricia Healy Wasyliw, Martyrdom, Murder and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe (Nova York: Peter Lang, 2008, pp. 123-5).
4. Cecilia Kang e Adam Goldman, “In Washington Pizzeria Attack, Fake News Brought Real Guns” (New York Times, 5 dez. 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/business/media/comet-ping-pong-pizza-shooting-fake-news-consequences.html>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018.
5. Leonard B. Glick, Abraham’s Heirs: Jews and Christians in Medieval Europe (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1999, pp. 228-9).
6. Anthony Bale, “Afterword: Violence, Memory and the Traumatic Middle Ages”, in Sarah Rees Jones e Sethina Watson (Orgs.), Christians and Jews in Angevin England: The York Massacre of 1190, Narrative and Contexts (York: York Medieval Press, 2013, p. 297).
7. Embora a citação seja frequentemente atribuída a Goebbels, convém assinalar que nem eu nem meu dedicado assistente para pesquisa conseguimos verificar que Goebbels alguma vez tivesse escrito ou dito isso.
8. Hilmar Hoffman, The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism, 1933-1945 (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1997, p. 140).
9. Lee Hockstader, “From a Ruler’s Embrace to a Life in Disgrace” (Washington Post, 10 mar. 1995).
10. Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa (Londres: Weidenfeld& Nicolson, 1991, pp. 616-7).
18. FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: O FUTURO NÃO É O QUE VOCÊ VÊ NOS FILME
1. Aldous Huxley, Brave new World [Admirável mundo novo] (Londres: Vintage, 1932, cap. 17).
PARTE V: RESILIÊNCIA
19. EDUCAÇÃO: A MUDANÇA É A ÚNICA CONSTANTE
1. Wayne A. Wiegand e Donald G. Davis (Orgs.), Encyclopedia of Library History (Nova York, Londres: Garland Publishing, 1994, pp. 432-3).
2. Verity Smith (Org.), Concise Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature (Londres, Nova York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 142, 180).
3. Cathy N. Davidson, The New Education: How to Revolutionize the University to Prepare Students for a World in Flux (Nova York: Basic Books, 2017). Bernie Trilling, 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009). Charles Kivunja, “Teaching Students to Learn and to Work Well with 21st Century Skills: Unpacking the Career and Life Skills Domain of the New Learning Paradigm” (International Journal of Higher Education, v. 4, n. 1, 2015). Para o site de P21, veja: “P21 Partnership for 21st Century Learning”. Disponível em: <http://www.p21.org/our-work/4cs-research-series>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018. Para um exemplo da implementação de novos métodos pedagógicos, veja, por exemplo, a publicação da US National Education Association: “Preparing 21st Century Students for a Global Society” (NEA). Disponível em: <http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/A-Guide-to-Four-Cs.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 jan. 2018.
4. Maddalaine Ansell, “Jobs for Life Are a Thing of the Past. Bring On Lifelong Learning” (The Guardian, 31 maio 2016). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2016/may/31/jobs-for-life-are-a-thing-of-the-past-bring-on-lifelong-learning>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
5. Erik B. Bloss et al., “Evidence for Reduced Experience-Dependent Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Aging Prefrontal Cortex” (Journal of Neuroscience, v. 31, n. 21, pp. 7831-9, 2011). Miriam Matamales et al., “Aging-Related Dysfunction of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Produces Conflict in Action Selection” (Neuron, v. 90, n. 2, pp. 362-72, 2016). Mo Costandi, “Does Your Brain Produce New Cells? A Skeptical View of Human Adult Neurogenesis” (The Guardian, 23 fev. 2012). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2012/feb/23/brain-new-cells-adult-neurogenesis>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2017. Gianluigi Mongillo, Simon Rumpel e Yonatan Loewenstein, “Intrinsic Volatility oOf Synaptic Connections — A Challenge to the Synaptic Trace Theory of Memory” (Current Opinion in Neurobiology, v. 46, pp. 7-13, 2017).
20. SENTIDO: A VIDA NÃO É UMA HISTÓRIA
1. Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, Manifesto do Partido Comunista (São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2012, pp. 34-5, 44).
2. Ibid., pp. 44-5.
3. Raoul Wootlif, “Netanyahu Welcomes Envoy Friedman to ‘Jerusalem, Our Eternal Capital’” (Times of Israel, 16 maio 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-welcomes-envoy-friedman-to-jerusalem-our-eternal-capital/>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018. Peter Beaumont, “Israeli Minister’s Jerusalem Dress Proves Controversial in Cannes” (The Guardian, 18 maio 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/18/israeli-minister-miri-regev-jerusalem-dress-controversial-cannes>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018. Lahav Harkov, “New 80-Majority Jerusalem Bill Has Loophole Enabling City to Be Divided” (Jerusalem Post, 2 jan. 2018). Disponível em: <http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Right-wing-coalition-passes-law-allowing-Jerusalem-to-be-divided-522627>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2018.
4. K. P. Schroder e Robert Connon Smith, “Distant Future of the Sun and Earth Revisited” (Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 386, n. 1, pp. 155-63, 2008).
5. Veja especialmente: Roy A. Rappaport, Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Graham Harvey, Ritual and Religious Belief: A Reader (Nova York: Routledge, 2005).
6. Essa é a interpretação mais comum, embora não seja a única, da composição de hocus pocus: Leslie K. Arnovick, Written Reliquaries (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006, p. 250, n. 30).
7. Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Londres: Fontana Press, 1993, p. 235).
8. Xinzhong Yao, An Introduction to Confucianism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 190-9).
9. “Flag Code of India, 2002” (Press Information Bureau, Government of India). Disponível em: <http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html>. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2017.
10. Disponível em: <http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f0304 20021.html>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
11. Disponível em: <https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/195493-Heres-why-Indias-tallest-flag-cannot-be-hoisted-at-Pakistan-border>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
12. Stephen C. Poulson, Social Movements in Twentieth-Century Iran: Culture, Ideology and Mobilizing Frameworks (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2006, p. 44).
13. Houman Sharshar (Org.), The Jews of Iran: The History, Religion and Culture of a Community in the Islamic World (Nova York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 52-5). Houman M. Sarshar, Jewish Communities of Iran (Nova York: Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation, 2011, pp. 158-60).
14. Gersion Appel, The Concise Code of Jewish Law, 2. ed. (Nova York: KTAV Publishing House, 1991, p. 191).
15. Veja especialmente: Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (Nova York: Vintage Books, 2005).
16. Richard Griffiths, Fascism (Londres; Nova York: Continuum, 2005, p. 33).
17. Christian Goeschel, Suicide in the Third Reich (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
18. “Paris Attacks: What Happened on the Night” (BBC, 9 dez. 2015). Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994>. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2017. Anna Cara, “ISIS Expresses Fury over French Airstrikes in Syria; France Says They Will Continue” (CTV News, 14 nov. 2015). Disponível em: <http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/isis-expresses-fury-over-french-airstrikes-in-syria-france-says-they-will-continue-1.2658642>. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2017.
19. Jean de Joinville, The Life of Saint Louis, in M. R. B. Shaw (Org.), Chronicles of the Crusades (Londres: Penguin, 1963, p. 243). Jean de Joinville, Vie de saint Louis, ed. Jacques Monfrin (Paris, 1995, cap. 319, p. 156).
20. Ray Williams, “How Facebook Can Amplify Low Self-Esteem/Narcissism/Anxiety” (Psychology Today, 20 maio 2014). Disponível em: <https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201405/how-facebook-can-amplify-low-self-esteemnarcissismanxiety>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2017.
21. Mahasatipatthana Sutta, cap. 2, seção 1, ed. Vipassana Research Institute (Igatpuri: Vipassana Research Institute, 2006, pp. 12-3).
22. Ibid., p. 5.
23. G. E. Harvey, History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 (Londres: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1925, pp. 252-60).
24. Brian Daizen Victoria, Zen at War (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006); Buruma, Inventing Japan, op. cit.; Stephen S. Large, “Nationalist Extremism in Early Showa Japan: Inoue Nissho and the ‘Blood-Pledge Corps Incident’, 1932” (Modern Asian Studies, v. 35, n. 3, pp. 533-64, 2001); W. L. King, Zen and the Way of the Sword: Arming the Samurai Psyche (Nova York: Oxford University Press, 1993); Danny Orbach, “A Japanese Prophet: Eschatology and Epistemology in the Thought of Kita Ikki” (Japan Forum, v. 23, n. 3, pp. 339-61, 2011).
25. “Facebook Removes Myanmar Monk’s Page for ‘Inflammatory Posts’ about Muslims” (Scroll.in, 27 fev. 2018). Disponível em: <https://amp.scroll.in/article/ 870245/facebook-removes-myanmar-monks-page-for-inflammatory-posts-about-muslims>. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2018. Marella Oppenheim, “‘It Only Takes One Terrorist’: The Buddhist Monk Who Reviles Myanmar’s Muslims” (The Guardian, 12 maio 2017). Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/may/12/only-takes-one-terrorist-buddhist-monk-reviles-myanmar-muslims-rohingya-refugees-ashin-wirathu>. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2018.
26. Jerzy Lukowski e Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 163).
21. MEDITAÇÃO: APENAS OBSERVE
1. Disponível em: <www.dhamma.org>. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2018.
2. Britta K. Hölzel et al., “How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action from a Conceptual and Neural Perspective” (Perspectives on Psychological Science, v. 6, n. 6, pp. 537-59, 2011). Adam Moore e Peter Malinowski, “Meditation, Mindfulness and Cognitive Flexibility’” (Consciousness and Cognition, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 176-86, 2009). Alberto Chiesa, Raffaella Calati e Alessandro Serretti, “Does Mindfulness Training Improve Cognitive Abilities? A Systematic Review of Neuropsychological Findings” (Clinical Psychology Review, v. 31, n. 3, pp. 449-64, 2011). Antoine Lutz et al., “Attention Regulation and Monitoring in Meditation” (Trends in Cognitive Sciences, v. 12, n. 4, pp. 163-9, 2008). Richard J. Davidson et al., “Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation” (Psychosomatic Medicine, v. 65, n. 4, pp. 564-70, 2003). Fade Zeidan et al., “Mindfulness Meditation Improves Cognition: Evidence of Brief Mental Training” (Consciousness and Cognition, v. 19, n. 2, pp. 597-605, 2010).