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1956.

 

S e HERWIN , Martin, A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and Its Legacies  (3 éd.),

Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2003. Publié à l’origine sous le

titre A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance,

New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.

 

SHIRER, William L., Twentieth-Century Journey: A Native’s Return, 1945-

1988, Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1990.

 

SIMPSON, Christopher, Blowback: America’s Recruitment of Nazis and Its

Effect on the Cold War, New York, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.

SINGER, Gerald (dir.), Tales of St John and the Caribbean, St John,

Sombrero Publishing Co., 2001.

SMITH, Alice Kimball, A Peril and a Hope: The Scientists’ Movement in

America: 1945-1947, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1965. — ; WEINER, Charles (dir.), Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and

Recollections, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1995. Publié

initialement en 1980 par Harvard University Press.

 

SMITH, Richard Norton, The Harvard Century: The Making of a University

to a Nation, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1986.

 

STEEPER, Nancy Cook, Gatekeeper to Los Alamos: The Story of Dorothy

Scarritt McKibbin, Los Alamos, Los Alamos Historical Society, 2003.

 

STERN, Philip M., The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial, avec la

collaboration de Harold P. Green, New York, Harper & Row, 1969.

 

STRAUSS, Lewis L., Men and Decisions, Garden City, Doubleday, 1962.

 

SZASZ, Ferenc Morton, The Day the Sun Rose Twice: The Story of the

Trinity Site Nuclear Explosion, July 16, 1945, Albuquerque, University

of New Mexico Press, 1984.

 

TANENHAUS, Sam, Whittaker Chambers: A Biography, New York, Random

House, 1997.

 

TAUBMAN, William, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, New York, Norton,

2000.

TELLER, Edward ; BROWN, Allen, The Legacy of Hiroshima, New York,

Doubleday, 1962.

 

TELLER, Edward ; SHOOLERY, Judith, Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century

Journey in Science and Politics, Cambridge, Perseus Publishing, 2001.

 

TERKEL, Studs, La Bonne Guerre : histoires orales de la Seconde Guerre

mondiale, traduit de l’anglais par Christine Raguet, Paris, éditions

Amsterdam, 2006.

 

THOMAS, Hugh, La Guerre d’Espagne. Juillet 1936-mars 1939, Paris,

Robert Laffont, 2009.

TRUMAN, Harry S., Mémoiresres. L’année de décisions (2 vol.), Paris, Plon,

1955.

—, Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman, Robert

H. Ferrell (dir.), New York, Penguin, 1982.

 

TRUMPBOUR, John (dir.), How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of

Empire, Boston, South End Press, 1989.

 

United States Atomic Energy Commission, In the Matter of J. Robert

Oppenheimer: Transcript of Hearing Before Personnel Security Board

and Texts of Principal Documents and Letters, préface de Philip

M. Stern, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1971 (désigné dans les notes de fin

d’ouvrage comme « Audition de JRO »).

 

VIDAL, Gore, Palimpseste : mémoires, traduit de l’anglais par Lydia Lakel,

Paris, Galaade, 2006.

 

VOROS, Sandor, American Commissar, Philadelphia, Chilton Company,

1961.

WANG, Jessica, American Science in an Age of Anxiety: Scientists,

Anticommunism, and the Cold War, Chapel Hill, University of North

Carolina Press, 1999.

 

WEISSKOPF, Victor, The Joy of Insight: Passions of a Physicist, New York,

Basic Books, 1991.

 

WERTH, Alexander, La Russie en guerre (2 vol.), Paris, Tallandier, 1911.

 

WHEELER, John Archibald, Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life

in Physics, avec la collaboration de Kenneth Ford, New York,

W. W. Norton, 1998.

 

WEINSTEIN, Allen, Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case, New York, Alfred

A. Knopf, 1978.

— ; VASSILIEV, Alexander, The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in

America – The Stalin Era, New York, Random House, 1999.

 

WIGNER, Eugene, The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner as Told to Andrew

Szanton, New York, Plenum Press, 1992.

 

WILLIAMS, Robert Chadwell, Klaus Fuchs: Atomic Spy, Cambridge,

Harvard University Press, 1987.

 

WILSON, Edmund, The Fifties: From the Notebooks and Diaries of the

Period, préface et édition de Leon Edel, New York, Farrar,

Straus & Giroux, 1986.

 

WILSON, Jane S. (dir.), All in Our Time, Chicago, Bulletin of the Atomic

Scientists, 1974.

WILSON, Jane S. ; SERBER, Charlotte (dir.), Standing By and Making Do:

Women of Wartime Los Alamos, Los Alamos, Los Alamos Historical

Society, 1988.

 

WIRTH, John D. ; ALDRITCH, Linda Harvey, Los Alamos: The Ranch School

Years, 1917-1943, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press,

2003.

 

YBARRA, Michael J., Washington Gone Crazy: Senator Pat McCarran and

the Great American Communist Hunt, Hanover, Steerforth Press, 2004.

 

YODER, Edwin M., Jr, Joe Alsop’s Cold War: A Study of Journalistic

Influence and Intrigue, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press,

1995.

 

YORK, Herbert, The Advisors: Oppenheimer, Teller, and the Superbomb,

Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1976.

 

ZUBOK, Vladislav ; PLESHAKOV, Constantine, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold

War: From Stalin to Khrushchev, Cambridge, Harvard University Press,

1996.

 

Articles et études

 

ALPEROVITZ, Gar ; BIRD, Kai, « The Centrality of the Bomb », Foreign

Policy, printemps 1994.

 

BARNETT, Lincoln, « J. Robert Oppenheimer », Life, 10 octobre 1949. BERNSTEIN, Barton J., « Eclipsed by Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Early

Thinking about Tactical Nuclear Weapons », International Security,

vol. 15, printemps 1991.

—, « Four Physicists and the Bomb: The Early Years, 1945-1950 »,

Historical Studies in Physical Sciences o , vol. 18, n 2, 1988. —, « Interpreting the Elusive Robert Serber: What Serber Says and What

Serber Does Not Explicitly Say », Studies in History and Philosophy of

Modern Physics o , vol. 32, n 3, 2001. —, « In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer », Historical Studies in the

Physical Sciences, vol. 12, partie 2, 1982. —, « The Oppenheimer Loyalty-Security Case Reconsidered », Stanford

Law Review, juillet 1990.

—, « Oppenheimer and the Radioactive-Poison Plan », Technology Review,

mai-juin 1985.

—, « Reconsidering the Atomic General: Leslie R. Groves », The Journal

of Military History, juillet 2003. —, « Seizing the Contested Terrain of Early Nuclear History: Stimson,

Conant, and Their Allies Explain the Decision to Use the Atomic

Bomb », Diplomatic History, vol. 17, hiver 1993.

 

BERNSTEIN, Jeremy, « Profiles: Physicist », The New Yorker, 13 octobre

1975 et 20 octobre 1975.

 

BIRGE, Raymond T., « The Decade 1932-1942 », History of the Physics

Department, vol. 4, manuscrit non publié, University of California,

Berkeley.

 

BOULTON, Frank, « Thomas Addis (1881-1949): Scottish Pioneer in

Haemophilia Research », Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of

Edinburgh o , n 33, 2003.

BUNDY, McGeorge, « Early Thoughts on Controlling the Nuclear Arms

Race », International Security, automne 1982. —, « The Missed Chance to Stop the H-Bomb », New York Review of

Books, 13 mai 1982.

 

COUGHLAN, Robert, « The Tangled Drama and Private Hells of Two

Famous Scientists », Life, 13 décembre 1963. —, « The Equivocal Hero of Science: Robert Oppenheimer », Life,

février 1967.

 

DAVIS, Harry M., « The Man Who Built the A-Bomb », New York Times

Magazine, 18 avril 1948.

 

DAY, Michael A., « Oppenheimer on the Nature of Science », Centaurus,

vol. 43, 2001.

—, « The Eternal Apprentice », Time, 8 novembre 1948.

 

GALISON, Peter ; BERNSTEIN, Barton J., « In Any Light: Scientists and the

Decision to Build the Superbomb, 1952-1954 », Historical Studies in

Physical Sciences, vol. 19.

 

GIBNEY, Nancy, « Finding Out Different », St John People: Stories about

St John Residents by St John Residents, American Paradise Publishing,

1993.

 

GREEN, Harold P., « The Oppenheimer Case: A Study in the Abuse of

Law », Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, septembre 1977.

 

GUNDEL, Jeremy, « Heroes and Villains: Cold War Images of Oppenheimer

and Teller in Mainstream American Magazines », Occasional Paper,

vol. 92-1, juillet 1992, Nuclear Age History and Humanities Center,

Tufts University.

 

HERSHBERG, James G., « The Jig Was Up: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the

International Control of Atomic Energy, 1947-1949 », présenté à

l’Oppenheimer Centennial Conference, Berkeley, 22-24 avril 2004.

 

HIJIYA, James A., « The Gita of J. Robert Oppenheimer », Proceedings of

the American Philosophical Society o , vol. 144, n 2, juin 2000.

 

HOLTON, Gerald, « Young Man Oppenheimer », Partisan Review,

vol. XLVIII, 1981.

 

KEMPTON, Murray, « The Ambivalence of J. Robert Oppenheimer »,

Esquire, décembre 1983.

 

LEFFLER, Melvyn, « Inside Enemy Archives: The Cold War Re-Opened »,

Foreign Affairs, été 1996.

 

LEMLEY, Kevin V. ; PAULING, Linus, « Thomas Addis », Biographical

Memoirs, vol. 63, Washington DC, National Academy of Sciences,

1994.

 

MORGAN, Thomas B., « A Visit with J. Robert Oppenheimer », Look,

1er avril 1958.

—, « With Oppenheimer, on an Autumn Day: A Thoughtful Man Talks

Searchingly About Science, Ethics, and Nuclear War on a Quiet

Afternoon During a Bad Time », Look, 27 décembre 1966.

 

NEWMAN, Steven Leonard, « The Oppenheimer Case: A Reconsideration of

the Role of the Defense Department and National Security », mémoire TRILLING, Diana, « The Oppenheimer Case: A Reading of the Testimony »,

de thèse, New York University, février 1977.

 

OPPENHEIMER, Robert, « Niels Bohr and Atomic Weapons », New York

Review of Books, 17 décembre 1964. —, « On Albert Einstein », New York Review of Books, 17 mars 1966.

 

PREUSS, Paul, « On the Blacklist », Science, juin 1983.

 

RHODES, Richard, « I Am Become Death », American Heritage, vol. 28,

no 6, 1987.

 

ROSENBERG, David Alan, « The Origins of Overkill: Nuclear Weapons and

American Strategy, 1945-1960 », o International Security , n 7, printemps

1983.

 

SANDERS, Jane A., « The University of Washington and the Controversy

Over J. Robert Oppenheimer », Pacific Northwest Quarterly,

janvier 1979.

 

STERN, Beatrice M., A History of the Institute for Advanced Study, 1930-

1950, manuscrit non publié, archives, Institute for Advanced Studies.

 

SZASZ, Ferenc M., « Great Britain and the Saga of J. Robert

Oppenheimer », o War in History , vol. 2, n 3, 1995.

 

THORPE, Charles Robert, « J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Transformation

of the Scientific Vocation », mémoire de thèse, University of California

San Diego, 2001.

— ; SHAPIN, Steven, « Who Was J. Robert Oppenheimer? », Social Studies

of Science, août 2000.

Partisan Review, novembre-décembre 1954.

 

WILSON, Robert, « Hiroshima: The Scientists’ Social and Political

Reaction », Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,

septembre 1996.

 

Collections de manuscrits

 

ACHESON, Dean (YUL)

 

BARNARD, Chester (HBSL)

 

BARUCH, Bernard (PUL)

 

BETHE, Hans (CUL)

 

BOHR, Niels (AIP)

 

BUSH, Vannevar (LC et MIT)

 

BYRNES, James F. (CU)

 

CLARK, Grenville (Dartmouth College)

 

CLAYTON, William (HSTL)

 

CLIFFORD, Clark (HSTL)

 

Committee to Frame a World Constitution (université de Chicago)

 

COMPTON, Arthur (université de Washington)

COMPTON, Karl (MIT)

 

CONANT, James B. (HU)

 

DUBRIDGE, Lee (Caltech)

 

DULLES, John Foster (PUL et DDEL)

 

EISENHOWER, Dwight D., collections des archives présidentielles (DDEL)

 

Federation of Atomic Scientists, ainsi que de nombreuses collections de manuscrits associées telles que Atomic Scientists of Chicago, Fermi papers et Hutchins papers (université de Chicago)

 

FORRESTAL, James (PUL)

 

FRANKFURTER, Felix (LC et Harvard Law School)

 

GROVES, Leslie, Record Group (RG) 200, National Archives (NA)

 

HARRIMAN, Averell (LC et archives personnelles de Kai Bird)

 

LAMONT, Lansing (HSTL)

 

LAWRENCE, E. O. (UCB)

 

LILIENTHAL, David (PUL)

 

LIPPMANN, Walter (YUL)

 

MCCLOY, John J. (archives de l’Amherst College)

NIEBUHR, Reinhold. (LC)

 

OPPENHEIMER, J. Robert (LOC et IAS)

 

OSBORN, Frederick (HSTL)

 

PATTERSON, Robert (LC)

 

PETERS, Bernard (archives Niels Bohr, Copenhague)

 

ROOSEVELT, Franklin D., collections des archives présidentielles (bibliothèque Roosevelt)

 

STIMSON, Henry L. (YUL)

 

STRAUSS, Lewis L. (HHL)

 

SZILARD, Leo (UCSDL)

 

TOLMAN, Richard (Caltech)

 

TRUMAN, Harry S., collections des archives présidentielles (HSTL)

 

Archives des séminaires estivaux de physique théorique de l’université du Michigan durant les années 1930

 

UREY, Harold (UCSDL)

 

WILSON, Carroll (MIT)

 

Collections de sources gouvernementales Atomic Energy Commission, NA

 

Manhattan Engineering District, Harrison-Bundy files, RG 77, NA

 

National Defense Research Council and Office of Scientific Research and Development, RG 227, NA

 

Dossiers sur J. Robert Oppenheimer du Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), siège du FBI, Washington DC (noms des dossiers : J. Robert Oppenheimer, Katherine Oppenheimer, Frank Oppenheimer, Haakon Chevalier et Klaus Fuchs)

 

Los Alamos National Laboratory Archives, divers documents

 

Documents du secrétaire à la Défense, RG 330, NA

 

Documents du secrétaire à la Guerre, RG 107, NA

 

Comité mixte sur l’énergie atomique, RG 128, NA

 

Commission spéciale sur l’énergie atomique, RG 46, NA

 

Département d’État, archives de l’AEC et archives de l’assistant spécial du secrétaire d’État pour les questions d’énergie atomique, RG 50, NA

 

Entretiens

 

Les entretiens listés ci-dessous ont été réalisés par Martin Sherwin (MS), Kai Bird (KB), Jon Else (JE), Alice Kimball Smith (AS) et Charles Weiner (CW). Les transcriptions des entretiens avec Sherwin et Bird sont en possession des auteurs. Les entretiens avec Jon Else ont été réalisés pour le film documentaire de Jon Else de 1980, The Day After Trinity, et nous lui sommes reconnaissants de nous avoir permis de les citer. Les entretiens avec Smith et Weiner ont été réalisés dans le cadre de leur recueil de lettres d’Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections. Smith et Weiner nous ont gracieusement transmis des copies de ces entretiens pour cette biographie, mais la plupart de leurs transcriptions sont conservées dans le programme d’histoire orale du MIT à Cambridge.

 

ANDERSON, Carl, 31/03/83 (MS)

BACHER, Jean, 29/03/83 (MS)

BACHER, Robert, 29/03/83 (MS)

BARLAS, June, 19/01/82 (MS) ; 28/03/01 (KB) BERNHEIM, Frederic, 27/10/75 (CW) BETHE, Hans, 13/07/79 (JE) ; 05/05/82 (MS) BOHM, David, 15/06/79 (MS)

BOYD, William, 21/12/75 (AS)

BRADBURY, Norris, 10/01/85 (MS) BUNDY, McGeorge, 02-03/12/92 (KB) CHANCE, Ellen, 10/05/79 (MS)

CHERNISS, Harold F., 21/04/76 (AS) ; 23/05/79 (MS) ; 10/11/76 (AS) CHEVALIER, Haakon, 29/06/82, 15/07/82 (MS) CHEVALIER, Haakon, Jr, 09/03/02 (MS) CHRISTY, Robert, 30/03/83 (MS)

COLGATE, Sterling, 12/11/79 (JE)

COMPTON, Margaret, 03/04/76 (AS) CRANE, Horace Richard, 08/04/83 (MS) DALE, Betty, 21/01/82 (MS)

DENHAM, Irva Claire, 20/01/82 (MS) DENHAM, John, 20/01/82 (MS)

DEWIRE, John, 05/05/82 (MS)

DUBRIDGE, Lee, 30/03/83 (MS)

DUFFIELD, Priscilla GREENE, 02/01/76 (AS) DYER-BENNETT, John, 15/05/01 (entretien téléphonique avec KB) DYSON, Freeman, 10/12/79 (JE) ; 16/02/84 (MS) ECKER, Allan, 16/07/91 (MS)

EDSALL, John, 16/07/75 (CW)

EDWARDS, Steve, 18/01/82 (MS)

ERICSON, Sabra, 13/01/82 (MS)

FERGUSSON, Francis, 23/04/75, 21/04/76 (AS) ; 06/08/79, 18/06/79, 23/06/79, 07/07/79 (MS)

FONTENROSE, Joseph, 25/03/83 (MS) FOWLER, William A., 29/03/83 (MS) FRANK, Sis, 18/01/82 (MS)

FREIER, Phyllis, 05/03/83 (MS)

FRIEDAN, Betty, 24/01/01 (KB)

FRIEDLANDER, Gerhart, 30/04/02 (MS) GARRISON, Lloyd, 31/01/84 (KB) GEURJOY, Edward, 26/06/04 (KB) GIBNEY, Ed, 26/03/01 (KB)

GIBNEY, Eleanor, 27/03/01 (KB)

GREEN, John et Irva, 20/02/82 (MS) GOLDBERGER, Marvin, 28/03/83 (MS) GOLDBERGER, Mildred, 03/03/83 (MS) GORDON, Lincoln, 18/05/04 (entretien téléphonique avec KB) HAMMEL, Edward, 09/01/85 (MS) HAWKINS, David, 05/06/82 (MS)

HEIN, Hilde Stern, 11/03/04 (KB) HEMPELMANN, Louis, MD, 10/08/79 (MS)

HIILIVIRTA, Inga, 16/01/82 (MS) ; 26/03/01 (KB) HOBSON, Verna, 31/07/79 (MS)

HORGAN, Paul, 03/03/76 (AS)

JADAN, Doris et Ivan, 18/01/82, 26/03/01 (MS) ; 28/03/01 (KB) JENKINS, Edith ARNSTEIN, 09/05/02 (entretien avec Gregg Herken) ; 25/07/02 (entretien téléphonique avec KB)

KAMEN, Martin D., 18/01/79 (MS) KAYSER, Jane DIDISHEIM, 04/06/75 (CW) KELMAN, Dr Jeffrey, 03/02/01 (KB) KENNAN, George F., 03/05/79 (MS) LANGSDORF, Babette OPPENHEIMER, 01/12/76 (AS) LILIENTHAL, David E., 14/10/78 (MS) LOMANITZ, Rossi, 11/07/79 (MS)

MANFRED, Ken Max (Friedman), 14/01/82 (MS) MANLEY, John, 09/01/85 (MS)

MARK, J. Carson, 19/12/79 (JE)

MARKS, Anne Wilson, 05/03/02, 14/03/02, 09/05/02 (KB) MARQUIT, Irwin, 06/03/83 (MS)

MCCLOY, John J., 10/07/86 (KB)

MCKIBBIN, Dorothy, 01/01/76 (AS) ; 20/07/79, 10/12/79 (JE) MIRSKY, Jeanette, 10/11/76 (AS)

MORRISON, Philip, 21/06/02 (MS) ; 17/10/02 (entretien téléphonique avec KB)

MOTTO, Dr Jerome, 14/03/01 (entretien téléphonique avec KB) NEDELSKY, Leo, 07/12/76 (AS)

NELSON, Steve et Margaret, 17/06/81 (MS) NIER, Alfred, 05/03/83 (MS)

OPPENHEIMER, Frank, 09/02/73 (CW) ; 17/03/75, 14/04/76 (AS) ; 03/12/78 (MS)

OPPENHEIMER, J. Robert, 18/11/63 (entretien avec T. S. Kuhn), AIP, APS OPPENHEIMER, Peter, 07/79 (MS) ; 23-24/09/04 (KB) PEIERLS, Sir Rudolph, 05-06/06/79 (MS) PHILLIPS, Melba, 15/06/79 (MS)

PINES, David, 26/06/04 (KB)

PLESSET, Milton, 28/03/83 (MS)

POLLAK, Inez, 20/04/76 (AS)

PURCELL, Edward, 05/03/79 (MS) RABI, I. I., 12/03/82 (MS)

ROSEN, Louis, 09/01/85 (MS)

ROTBLAT, Joseph, 16/10/89 (MS)

ST CLAIR, Fiona et William, 17/02/82 (MS) SERBER, Robert, 11/03/82 (MS) ; 15/12/79 (JE) SHERR, Patricia, 20/02/79 (MS)

SILVERMAN, Albert, 09/08/79 (MS) SILVERMAN, juge Samuel, 16/07/91 (MS) SMITH, Alice KIMBALL, 26/04/82 (MS) SMITH, Herbert, 01/08/74 (CW) ; 09/07/75 (AS) STERN, Hans, 04/03/04 (entretien téléphonique avec KB) STRATCHEL, John, 19/03/80 (MS)

STRUNSKY, Robert, 26/04/79 (MS) SMYTH, Henry DeWolf, 05/03/79 (MS) TATLOCK, Hugh, 02/01 (MS)

TELLER, Edward, 18/01/76 (MS)

UEHLING, Edwin et Ruth, 11/01/79 (MS) UHLENBECK, Else, 20/04/76 (AS)

ULAM, Stanislaw L., 19/07/79 (MS) ULAM, Stanislaw et Françoise, 15/01/80 (JE)

VOGE, Hervey, 23/03/83 (MS)

WALLERSTEIN, Dr. Robert S., 19/03/01 (entretien téléphonique avec KB) WEINBERG, Joseph, 11/08/79 ; 23/08/79 (MS) WEISSKOPF, Victor, 23/03/79 ; 21/04/82 (MS) WHIDDEN, Georgia, 25/04/03 (KB) WILSON, Robert, 23/04/82 (entretien avec Owen Gingrich) WYMAN, Jeffries, 28/05/75 (CW)

YEDIDIA, Avram, 14/02/80 (MS)

ZORN, Jans, 08/04/83 (MS)

 

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CRÉDITS PHOTOGRAPHIQUES

 

En entrée des chapitres :

1 : © J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Committee Photographs

2 : © American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives

4 : © National Archives

5 : © Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

6 : © J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Committee Photographs

7 : © Dr Hugh Tatlock

8 : © American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives

10 : © Bird-Sherwin Collection

11 : © National Archives

12 : © Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

13 : © Bird-Sherwin Collection

14 : © AP/Wide World Photos

15 : © Los Alamos National Laboratory Archives

16 : © National Archives

18 : © J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Committee Photographs

19 : © AP/Wide World Photos

20 : © Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

21 : © Los Alamos National Laboratory Archives

22 : © Yosuke Yamahata, Nagasaki, August 10, 1945, National Archives. © Shogo Yamahata/avec l’aimable autorisation de IDG Films. Photo restaurée par TX Unlimited

25 : avec l’aimable autorisation des archives de l’université de Harvard

27 : © AP/Wide World Photos

26 : © Alfred Eisenstadt/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

30 : © National Archives

31 : © Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

32 : avec l’aimable autorisation des archives de l’université de Caroline du Nord

33 : © Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

34 : © National Archives

35 : © J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Committee Photographs

36 : © Ulli Steltzer

 

Les auteurs et l’éditeur remercient tous les ayants droit d’avoir autorisé la reproduction de ces images.

 

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